2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 不定项选择题We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week, a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.The latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hour of wakefulness and low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.1. Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not a mere academic question?2. The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in .3. The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be .4. It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because .5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B.Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.问题2选项A.the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automationB.the disturbance of daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequentlyC.the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD.the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers问题3选项A.to change shifts at longer intervalsB.to have longer shiftsC.to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD.to create better living conditions for night workers问题4选项A.body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternatesB.body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC.the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD.people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently问题5选项A.Body temperature may serve as an indication of a workers performance.B.The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.C.Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.D.Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干：为什么说“人们适应夜间工作能有多容易”的问题不只是一个学术问题？A选项“因为很少有人喜欢颠倒睡眠和清醒的周期”；B选项“因为人们是在晚上睡觉的”；C选项“因为人们被要求工作在需要上晚班的行业里工作”；D选项“因为在工业中轮班工作要求人们改变他们的睡眠习惯”。根基题干定位到第二段第二句话The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines（例如，在自动化要求机器24小时运转的工业中，