2022年考博英语-中南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题A war, even if fought for individual liberty and democratic rights, usually requires that these principles be suspended, for they are （ ）the regimentation and discipline necessary for military efficiency.问题1选项A.contrary toB.incompatible withC.fulfilled throughD.disruptive of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。be contrary to “与 相反”；be fulfilled through “通过来实现”；be incompatible with “与 不兼容”；be disruptive of “对 造成破坏的”。句意：即使是为了个人自由和民主权力而战，战争通常要求这些原则被暂停，因为它们与作战效率所需的严格控制和纪律不相容。由these principles be suspended可知这些原则与作战纪律不相容，故B项正确。2. 单选题Water leisurewear such as sailing and scuba diving are almost as critical to the islands economy as is （ ）.问题1选项A.snorkelingB.public healthC.private enterpriseD.manufacturing【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Snorkeling浮潜，潜水；public health 公众健康；private enterprise 私人企业；manufacturing 制造业。句意：水中休闲服，比如航海服和潜水服，就像制造业对岛上经济的作用一样重要。只有D项最符合题意。3. 单选题A major goal of law, to deter potential criminals by punishing wrongdoers, is not served when the penalty is so seldom invoked that it ceases to be a （ ）threat.问题1选项A.seriousB.coerciveC.credibleD.deceptive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。serious “严肃的；认真的”；coercive “强制的”；credible “可靠的；可信的”；deceptive “欺诈的；虚伪的”。句意：通过惩罚违法犯罪者来阻止潜在的罪犯是法律的一个主要目的，当法律惩罚很少被实行以至于它不再是一种可信的震慑时，该主要目的就没有达到。由“A major goal is not served目标没达到”可知C项符合语境。4. 翻译题Read the following short paragraph carefully and then translate it into English.宇宙间繁星密布，人们以为这之中有一些如我们的太阳一样为行星环绕，而在 这些行星上可能存在有智能的生物，或许他们比我们更先进。所以有可能在百万年左右 某些生物乘坐自己的飞船穿越太空时，会发现我们的某艘“旅行者(Voyager)”号飞船。 星球之间的距离十分遥远，这样的一次相聚可能性极小，但这并不是完全不可能的。科 学家希望有机会和我们遥远的邻居传递信息，让他们知道我们这个蓝色的星球曾经是相 当聪明的、多少有点文明的人类的家园。【答案】Among the stars which dot the universe, people think that there are some stars encircled by planets like our sun and intelligent creatures may live on these planets, maybe they are more advanced than us. So it is possible that when some creatures take their own spacecraft through space about one million years later, they will find one of our “Voyager” spacecraft.The distance between planets is so far away that the chance of such a meeting is very small, but this is not entirely impossible.Scientists hope to have the opportunity to pass information to our distant neighbors, letting them know our blue planet used to be the homeland of human being who is very intelligent and somewhat civilized.5. 单选题Although the feeding activities of whales and walruses give the seafloor of the Bering Shelf a devastated appearance, these activities seem to be actually （ ）to the area, enhancing its productivity.问题1选项A.destructiveB.rehabilitativeC.beneficialD.detrimental【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。destructive “破坏的；有害的”；rehabilitative “复原的”；beneficial “有益的；有利的”；detrimental “不利的”。句意：尽管鲸和海象的觅食活动给白令海大陆架的海底带来表面上的毁坏，但是这些活动似乎在实际上对这个区域是有益的，提高了它的生产力。由 enhancing its productivity可知C项符合语境。6. 翻译题Read the following short paragraph carefully and then translate it into English.虽然人人都需要一个职业是事实最好是工资高的。但同样确实无误的是 我们的文明已经在与我们自己的专业相去甚远的领域积累了多得令人难以置信的知识， 而我们也具备了了解这些其他方面知识的更好条件无论他们是科学的贡献还是艺术上的成就。同样确实无误的是，在研究不同智慧时，我们可以学会如何思考。更重要 的也许是教育教会我们看到事物之间的联系，并看到我们的当前需求以外的东西。从长 远的观点来看，这正是教育所真正应该做到的，而我认为它也能够做到的。【答案】Its true that everyone needs a careerpreferably one that pays well, but it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated knowledge that is too much to be believed by people in the fields which are far from our majors, and that we also have had better conditions for understand the knowledge in these other aspectswhether they are scientific contributions or artistic achievements. It is also true that, in studying different shades of wisdom, we can learn how to think. Perhaps more importantly, education teaches us to see the connections between things as well as things beyond current needs. In the long run, this is exactly what education should manage to do, and I also believe it may also be able to do.7. 单选题The specious arguments used by the （ ） were certain to deceive many people.问题1选项A.candidateB.politicianC.theologianD.demagogue【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项candidate“候选人；应试者”；B选项politician“政客；政治家”；C选项theologian“神学者；空头理论家”；D选项demagogue“煽动者；煽动政治家”。句意： 使用的似是而非的论据肯定会欺骗许多人。句中提到“似是而非的论据”，可知正确答案为C“空头理论家”。8. 单选题Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions an