2022年考博英语-山西大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题If the universality of immersion-style language programs, emergency test prep classes, tired college kids is any indication, cramming (临时抱佛脚) is a wildly popular study strategy. Professors frown upon it yet conspire by squeezing vast topics like “Evolution” or “World history 1914 to present” into the last week of a course. So is cramming effective or not? A new study by UC-San Diego psychologists confirms what you may suspect deep down: The answer is no. Hurried memorization is a hopeless approach for retaining information. But its not all bad news. The team offers a precise formula for better study habits, and it doesnt necessarily need dogged discipline and routine.To arrive at their prescription, the scientists tested the “spacing effect” on long-term memory. In other words, they wanted to know how the time gap between study sessions influences the ability to remember material on test day. They asked 1,354 volunteers to memorize 32 trivial facts, such as “Who invented snow golf.” (Rudyard Kipling) and “What European nation consumes the most spicy Mexican food” (Norway). Participants reviewed the answers anywhere from several minutes to several months after first learning them, and then were tested up to a year later.The findings Students perform better when they space their study sessions rather than when they try to cram everything into their heads during one sitting. But for those who must cram, timing is everything. According to the researchers, if you have only one date on which to study, choose a day thats closer to when you first learned the material than when you take the testbut not too close. For instance, if you have a French lesson on Monday and a quiz the following Monday, you should study on Wednesday for maximum retention. Tuesday is too early and Sunday is too late. If you want to remember something for a year, wait about a month to review what you learned.Hal Pashler, one of the lead authors, suspects that most crammers dont realize the error of their ways. “Even in the scientific community, cram-type summer courses on new research methods are extremely popular,” he told me in an email. “And I have never heard people who take these courses even notice the fact that they are a perfect prescription for rapid forgetting.”1.Which of the following can best describe professors attitude toward cramming?2. According to Paragraph 1, the new study on cramming（ ）.3.In Paragraph 2 the author mainly describes（ ）.4.According to the passage, the most important cramming strategy is（ ）.5.By mentioning the science community, Hal Pashler tries to stress that（ ）.问题1选项A.Rationally rejecting.B.Reasonably ignoring.C.Readily accepting.D.Reluctantly helping.问题2选项A.proves the correctness of the general understandingB.makes us confused about how to understand itC.points out the problems of the popular theoriesD.raises questions as to what should be avoided问题3选项A.the necessity of the testB.the procedure of the testC.the selection of the test subjectsD.the content of the test questions问题4选项A.putting things into categoryB.dividing the study sessionC.lengthening the review sessionD.choosing the optimal review time问题5选项A.people are not fully aware of the problems with crammingB.it is important to develop better study habits than crammingC.forgetting is one of the major negative effects of crammingD.science people should take the lead in giving up cramming【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。文章第一段中的“Professors frown upon it yet conspire by squeezing vast topics like Evolution or World history 1914 to present into the last week of a course.（教授们对此并不赞成，但他们会在课程的最后一周，把进化论或1914年世界史这样的大话题挤到课堂上，共同密谋。）”很好地诠释了教授们对临时抱佛脚的态度，即理性地拒绝。B选项“合理的忽略”；C选项“欣然接受”；D选项“不情愿的帮助”都不能代表教授们的态度，因此A选项正确。2.推理判断题。文章第一段主要阐明了临时抱佛脚式学习策略以及教授们对此的态度，还有关于该学习策略的研究。文中“So is cramming effective or not? A new study by UC-San Diego psychologists confirms what you may suspect deep down: The answer is no.（那么死记硬背到底有效还是无效呢？加州大学圣地亚哥分校的心理学家进行的一项新研究证实了你内心深处的猜测：答案是否定的。）”说明该研究证明了一般人的理解是正确的，所以选择A选项。B选项“让我们对如何理解它感到困惑”文中没有提到；C选项“指出流行理论的问题”也不符合段意；D选项“提出了应该避免什么的问题”也没有提到，因此A选项正确。3.推理判断题。第二段主要描述了专家进行的研究。“They asked 1,354 volunteers to memorize 32 trivial facts, such as Who invented snow golf. (Rudyard Kipling) and What European nation consumes the most spicy Mexican food (Norway). Participants reviewed the answers anywhere from several minutes to several months after first learning them, and then were tested up to a year later.（他们要求1354名志愿者记住32件小事，比如谁发明了雪高尔夫球（拉迪亚德吉卜林）。和欧洲哪个国家吃的墨西哥菜最辣（挪威）。在第一次学习答案后，参与者在几分钟到几个月的时间内对答案进行复核，然后在一年后进行测试。）”这句话主要描述了该研究的程序，并没有侧重于A选项“研究的必要性”，也没有侧重于C选项“研究对象的选择”，更没有侧重于D选项“测试的内容”，即描述32件小事的内容，因此B选项正确。4.事实细节题。第三段中的“But for those who must cram, timing is everything.（但对于那些必须死记硬背的人来说，时机就是一切。）”指出死记硬背最重要的就是选择好记忆时机。A选项“把东西分类”；B选项“划分学习环节”；C选项“延长复习期”都没