2011年考研英语真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, BJ, CJ or IDJ on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health. But 一 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filnessLaughter does short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,heartrate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to, a good laugh is unlikely to have benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does., instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter, muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help the effects of psychological stress. Any way,the act oflaughing probably does produce other types of feedback,that improve an individuafs emotionalstate. one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry they are sad butthey become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.1. Aamong Bexcept Cldespite Dllike2. Alreflect Bdemand Clindicate Dproduce3. AJstabilizing BJboosting CJimpairing IDJdetermining4. AJtransmit BJsustain CJevaluate Dobserve5. Ameasurable Bmanageable CJaffordable DJrenewable6. Alin turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief7. Alopposite Bimpossible Claverage Diexpected8. Alhardens Blweakens Cltightens Dlrelaxes9. Alaggravate Blgenerate Clmoderate Dlenhance10. Alphysical BJmental Csubconscious DJintemal11. AJExcept for BJAccording to CJDue to DJAs for12. Awith Bon Cin Dat13. Alunless Bluntil Clif Dbecause14. Alexhausts Blfollows Clprecedes DIsuppresses15. Alinto Blfrom Ctowards Dlbeyond16. Afetch BJbite CJpick DJhold17. AJdisappointed Biexcited CJjoyful DJindifferent18. AJ adapted B J catered C J turned DJreacted19. Asuggesting Blrequiring Cimentioning Dlsupposing20. AlEventually BIConsequently CISimilarly DlConverselySection II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, fB, C or ID. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All 1 have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be consumed at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different, more vibrant organization. But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire wil