2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Writing is a slow process, requiring（ ）thought, time, and effort.问题1选项A.significantB.enormousC.considerableD.numerous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant “有重大意义的，显著的”; enormous “巨大的, 庞大的”；considerable “相当多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous “众多的，许多的” 一般用来修饰可数名词。句意：写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought, time, and effort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。2. 单选题They are trying to（ ）the waste discharged by the factory for profit.问题1选项A.exposeB.exhaustC.exhibitD.exploit【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。expose “揭发，揭露，显示”; exhaust “用完，花光，使筋疲力尽”; exhibit “展览，显示”；exploit “运用，利用”。句意：他们尝试着通过利用工厂排出的废物来创造利润。根据句意可知，D项符合题意，因此D项为正确答案。3. 单选题Through the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the beginning of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Mao Tse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it.But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how and who people lead, but it wasnt easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last 75 years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more important, what distinguishes effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective organizations.Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate explanation. Most of these definitions dont agree with each other, and many of them would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect fashions, political tides and academic trends. They dont always reflect reality and sometimes they just represent nonsense. Its as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership: The only thing that matters in art is the part that cannot be explained.Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track record, it is understandable why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label the la Brea Tar Pits of organizational inquiry. Located in Los Angeles, these asphalt pits house the remains of a long sequence of prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never left the area.1.Several big names are mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to show their（ ）.2.According to the writer, peoples opinions of leadership are on the whole quite（ ）.3.The writer thinks that（ ）.4.The la Brea Tar Pits probably signifies things that（ ）.5.This passage is mainly concerned with（ ）?问题1选项A.different styles of leadershipB.effective exercise of leadershipC.contributions to the theory of leadershipD.wisdom in applying the theory of leadership问题2选项A.dividedB.originalC.misleadingD.sophisticated问题3选项A.many people have labored to be leadersB.leaders are beyond our understandingC.the essence of leadership has not been graspedD.the definitions of leadership should vary问题4选项A.can be traced back to the prehistoric ageB.are traps for those who want to inquireC.are located in one place foreverD.dont deserve full investigation问题5选项A.the inaccurate definitions of leadershipB.the famous leaders and their theoriesC.the changes in the trend of leadershipD.the inconsistent theories of leadership【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：第一段中提到这几位伟人的名字是为了表明什么？根据题干定位到原文第一段，由第一段最后一句可知，我们对领导力的初识源于历史和社会的研究，尤其是从反思性实践者的思想而来，譬如摩西、凯撒大帝和詹姆斯麦迪逊；在我们自己的时代就来源于甘地、温斯顿丘吉尔、毛泽东和亨利基辛格等人的截然不同的思想。由此可知，第一段提及多位领导人的目的，是想表明他们对于领导力理论的贡献。因此本题正确答案选C。2.观点态度题。题干询问：作者认为，人们对领导力的看法总体上是怎样的。根据原文第三段Multiple interpretations of leadership exist.以及 Most of these definitions dont agree with each other可知，人们对领导力存在多种解释 并且大多数的定义都不一致。因此，作者认为人们对于领导力的观点是分化的，故本题正确答案为A项。3.观点态度题。由原文第二段Decades of academic analysis have given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last 75 years alone