2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Such a change would not _ to the wishes of the great majority of the people.问题1选项A.conformB.confirmC.confineD.confront【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. conform 符合，遵照 B. confirm 确认C. confine 限制，限定 D. confront 使面对，使面临【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由空格后的to可知，空格处要填入一个和to搭配的动词；由宾语the wishes（愿望）可知，conform to（符合）适合句子语境。因此，该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、D选项不与to进行搭配；C选项confine to表示“限制于”，不符合句子语义。【句意】这种变化不符合大多数人民的愿望。2. 单选题The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straightforward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebratesor creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease-causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders.Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites. Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of “foreign” cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column) , there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals.The ability to distinguish between “self” and “non-self”, while present in all animals, is roost efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.31. What does the passage mainly discuss?32. The word “intricate” in line 1 is closest in meaning to _.33. According to the passage, some organisms produce antibiotics in order to _.34. According to the passage, a transplant of tissue between genetically incompatible organisms will result in the transplanted tissue _.35. According to the passage, the ability to distinguish between “self” and “non-self” enables vertebrates to _.问题1选项A.How parasites reproduce.B.How organisms react to invaders.C.How antibiotics work to cure disease.D.How the immune system of vertebrates developed.问题2选项A.difficultB.widespreadC.criticalD.complex问题3选项A.prevent disease in humansB.aid digestionC.fight off other organismsD.create new types of nutrients问题4选项A.becoming a parasiteB.being treated as an invaderC.altering its genetic makeupD.developing a new immune system问题5选项A.accept transplanted cellsB.detect and react to invasionC.weaken their immune systemD.get rid of antibiotics【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】31.【选项释义】31. What does the passage mainly discuss? 31. 这篇文章主要讨论什么？A. How parasites reproduce. A. 寄生虫如何繁殖。B. How organisms react to invaders. B. 生物体如何对入侵者做出反应。C. How antibiotics work to cure disease. C. 抗生素是如何治疗疾病的。D. How the immune system of vertebrates developed. D. 脊椎动物的免疫系统是如何发展的。【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先，根据首段最后一句“生物进化出了各种各样的防御机制来保护自己的身体免受其他生物的入侵”，和末段第一句“区分自我和非自我的能力，虽然存在于所有动物中，但在脊椎动物中是非常有效的，它们已经发展出一种免疫系统作为它们的防御机制”；从中可知文章首段和尾段讨论的都是生物体的防御机制；然后看到文章行为结构是总分结构，开头介绍引发生物进化出防御机制的原因，后面三段分别讨论这种防御机制的作用。综上所述，可以得知这篇文章主要讨论的是生物体如何对入侵者做出反应。所以B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“寄生虫如何繁殖”和D选项“脊椎动物的免疫系统是如何发展的”属于以偏概全；C选项“抗生素是如何治疗疾病的”没提及，无中生有。32.【选项释义】32. The word “intricate” in line 1 is closest in meaning to _. 32. 第一行中的“intricate”一词的意思最接近_。A. difficult A. 困难的B. widespread B. 广泛的C. critical C. 批判的D. complex D. 复杂的【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第一句“在这个庞大而intricate的生物群落中（in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things），每个物种的生存都依赖于其他生物的存在”，由所修饰的assemblage（群落），以及并列的定语vast（庞大的）可推测，intricate应该表示“复杂”的意思，所以D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“困难的”、B选项“广泛的”和C选项“批判的”不符合原文意思，曲解原文。33.【选项释义】33. According