2022年考博英语-清华大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The energy（ ）by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.问题1选项A.transferredB.releasedC.conveyedD.delivered【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。Transfer 转让, 转移; release 释放; convey 传达,运输; deliver 递送, 释放。句意: 链式反应 的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。2. 单选题Some people seem to（ ）on the pressure of working under a deadline.问题1选项A.renderB.evolveC.prevailD.thrive【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。render 报答；归还；给予；evolve 演变，进化；prevail 盛行，流行；thrive 兴旺，繁荣，茁壮成长。句意: 有些人似乎在最后期限工作的压力下 。故D项符合句意。3. 单选题All the products made in China are sold and distributed in（ ）with the U. S. Export Administration Regulations and also local country rules.问题1选项A.complianceB.prosperityC.merchandiseD.intersection【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。in compliance with为固定搭配，意为“依从 ，按照”。4. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of “Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:1) Present situation about doing research online;2) Advantages for online research;3) Disadvantages for online research.【答案】Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online5. 单选题Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of（ ）business.问题1选项A.staleB.slackC.ferrousD.abundant【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。stale 不新鲜的 ，可以指食物，也可以指事情；slack 松弛的，不活跃的；生意不景气的；ferrous 含铁的；abundant 大量的，充足的。句子中与business搭配的应该是slack, slack business指“生意不景气，萧条”。6. 单选题Before the general election many senior citizens signed the（ ）against the spreading of nuclear arms.问题1选项A.contractB.petitionC.supplicationD.potential【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。contract 合同，契约；petition 请愿书，指许多人签名的向当权者提出某种要求；supplication 祈愿，祈求，恳求；potential 潜力，潜势。句意: 好多老年人签订 反对核武器的扩散。故B项符合句意。7. 单选题（ ）and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.问题1选项A.MutilationB.InnovationC.EmpireD.Strength【答案】B【解析】语义题。句中and 连接空格跟hard work , 因此B 项innovation (创新，革新)正确。8. 单选题The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to（ ）it.问题1选项A.disgraceB.disguiseC.defyD.distress【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。disgrace 玷污；disguise 假装，伪装；defy 不服从，公然反抗；distress 使悲痛，使穷困；句意:当地居民对该地区的宵禁不满意,决定（ ） 。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题I cant remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty（ ）.问题1选项A.estimatingB.devastatingC.reprocessingD.preferring【答案】B【解析】estimating 估计；devastating 毁灭性的；reprocessing 再生，（核燃料的）回收；preferring 更喜欢。句意: 我记不清是什么引起了爆炸, 非常 。B项符合句意。10. 单选题I was entrusted to（ ）to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.问题1选项A.contributeB.detractC.convertD.entail【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。contribute to a newspaper article意思是“给报纸写文章投稿”。11. 单选题They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any（ ）ones in thisarea?问题1选项A.evacuatedB.emptyC.vacantD.vacate【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。句意：他们要到大的新公寓,需要的应该是空房。empty和vacant都有“空”的意思，但区别在于empty house表示完全不存在内容物; vacant house是指可能有家具放着，但暂时无人居住的房子。因此,选项C符合句意。12. 单选题In court he repeated his（ ）that he was not guilty in front of the jury.问题1选项A.impressionsB.alliterationsC.clausesD.assertions【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。Impression 印象，感想；alliteration 头韵；clause 从句；（法律文件等的）条款; assertion 主张,断言。句意: 在陪审团面前, 他重申自己无罪的 。因此D项符合句意。13. 写作题You are asked to write in no less than 200 words about the title of Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。作为一名未来的博士研究生，你如何看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止，以及你应该如何从自身做起。【答案】Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China14. 单选题Several（ ）for global warming have been suggested by climate researchers.问题1选项A.systemsB.sentencesC.fallaciesD.hypotheses【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。空格处的词应与suggested 相近, 因此D 项hypotheses(假定的)正确。15. 单选题We cannot be（ ）with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday.问题1选项A.PeckedB.reconciledC.perturbedD.presumed【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。peck 啄食；perturb 感到不安；presumed 推定。Be reconcile with为固定搭配，表示与和解。16. 单选题These samples have to be（ ）in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them.问题1选项A.immersedB.crispedC.armoredD.arrayed【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Immerse浸没, 陷入； crisp 变脆,卷曲；armor 为穿盔甲；为提供防御；array 部署，排列。句意:这些样品必须 在某种化学水中。选项A符合句意。17. 单选题Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at the sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the worlds great seaport cities would be （1 ）: New Orleans, Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo.