精品ReferenceAnswersofChapter1V.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:1. 如果一个小孩在繁忙的大道中间玩耍、如果一个工人使用机器时，不知道机器出了问题而面临危险、如果一个行人不知道靠近人行道的墙壁处于危险境地，面临倒塌的危险，他们将会发生什么？每一种情况都有风险的因素和不确定性存在。这个小孩也许不会收到伤害、机器也许会坚持到这个工人用完机器为止、靠近人行道的墙壁没有倒塌伤到这个人。但是在每一种情况都有可能造成严重的伤害。2. 众所周知，每一个人对他的邻居的人身伤害和财产损失负有责任，不要伤害他的身体以及损坏他的财产。责任的产生也许是因一个房屋的所有权、一个宠物、户外运动或者一个简单的行为引起，比如穿越马路不开前方等等。在英国1968年卡拉克先生(Clark)起诉西普思顿(Shepstone)女士案件中，Shepstone女士突然从人行道走出来，没有看前方，致使摩托车驾驶者紧急刹车导致翻车，摩托车后座乘客Clark先生严重受损。他起诉Shepstone女士，最终获得了28,500英镑的赔偿。如果Shepstone女士没有购买个人公众责任保险，她就会面临严重的经济困难。.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish:1. Riskisuncertaintyoflossandisthepossibilityofloss.2. Riskisunpredictable,whichrefersthattheactualresultsmaydifferfrompredictedresults.3. Floodistheperilandthehousenearthebankoftheriveristhehazard.4. Hazardsarenotthemselvesthecauseoftheloss,buttheycanincreaseordecreasetheeffectifaperiloperates.5. Physicalhazardrelatestothephysicalcharacteristicsoftherisk.6. Moralhazardisasituationinwhichapartyismorelikelytotakerisksbecausethecoststhatcouldresultwillnotbebornebythepartytakingtherisk.7. Wherethereisnorisk,thereisinsurance.8. Afinancialriskisonewheretheresultortheoutcomecanbemeasuredbymoney.VU.Caseanalysis:1. Supposeyouwanttoestablishasmallbusiness.Thebusinessisaboutasmallgrocery,sellingfoodstuffsandvarioushouseholdsupplies.Describethewaysinwhichriskmayaffectyourbusiness.Howyoudealwiththebusiness?Describethepurerisksandspeculativerisks.Atfirst,youmustconsiderpurerisksandspeculativerisks.Youshouldidentifytherisks,thenanalyzethemandtakestepstocontroltherisks.Youmaytransfertheriskstoinsurance.Purerisksincludematerialdamagestothegroceryandstockbyfire,storm,explosionormaliciousdamagesortheft.Liabilityriskstoemployeesorclients.Speculativerisksincludepricing,marketingdecisionsandcreditprovidingtoclients.Youshouldtakemeasurestominimizethefrequencyorseveritybybuyingequipment,forexample,fireprotection,securitysystems,burglaralarm,etc.Besides,youshouldmakesomeinvestigationsonclientsdemand.Purerisksareinsurable.Thereforeyoushouldbuysomekindsofinsurancetotransferpureriskstoinsurancecompany.2. Thereisalargemulti-nationpetroleumcompany.Itspendsalargesumofmoneyeachyearoninsurancepremiums.Talkaboutthebenefitsforthecompany,forthecommunityandforthegovernment.Benefitforthecompanies:Thecompanycanhaveapeacefulmindandsecurityprotectionbecausethecompanyhastransferredtherisktotheinsurancecompany.Ifthecompanychoosestoretaintherisk,itwouldhavetoholdlargereservestocoveremergencies.Thoughtheinsurancepremiumisacertainloss,thebalanceoffundscanthenbeinvestedinthebusiness.Benefitforthecommunity:Ifthecompanyisinsuredagainstaloss,itcanstimulatethebusinessactivityandprovidejobsforthecommunity.Insurancecanprovideprotectionintheeventoflossandkeeppeopleinemployment.Benefitforthegovernment:Becausethepremiumscollectedbyinsurancecompanyarenotneededimmediatelyforclaims,thesepremiumscanbeinvestedintherealestate,transportation,energy,etc.Theseinvestmentsarehelpfulbothforthegovernmentandindustry.Reference Answers ofChapter 2.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:1. 保险利益至少有四个特点。首先，必须是一些财产、权利、利益、肢体或者潜在的利益可以进行投保。第二，这些财产、权利、利益等等必须是保险标的。第三，被保险人必须与保险标的有一定的关系，也就是他能得益于财产安全、生活安宁以及不要承担责任，或者由于危险的存在和责任的承担，他会受到伤害。最后，被保险人与保险标的的关系必须得到法律的认可。2. 很难估算失去一只眼睛或者一条胳膊的价值是多少。任何估价都是武断的，法庭依据以前的案例法已经设计了一个赔偿数额。对于特殊的伤害，这个数字不是固定不变的。例如，一条胳膊赔偿一万元，一只眼睛赔偿二万元。简单地说，法庭采用以往的案例作为指引，对于伤害程度类似的就用类似的损失赔偿。.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish:1. Whenwetalkaboutinsurance,wealwaystalkabouttheinsurableinterest.2. Theproposersinsurableinteresttothesubjectmatterofinsuranceislimitedtothemaximumsuminsured.3. Inmarineinsurancecontract,theinsuredmustbeinterestedinthesubjectmatterinsuredatthetimeofloss,4. Inlifeinsurancecontract,insurableinterestisonlyrequiredbytheinsuredatinception.5. Theapplicanthasinsurableinterestsoverhimself,hisspouse,hischildrenandhisparents.6. Insurancecompanieshaveinsurableinterestintheirliabilitytopayclaimstoinsureds.7. Inlifeinsurance,insurableinterestisonlyrequiredwhentheinsuredisinsuredhimselfatthebeginning.8. Generalspeaking,thetransferoflifeinsurancecontractcanbevalidonlyaftertheinsurerisagreed.Caseanalysis:1. AvisitorcametoShanghaiforsightseeingduringaholiday.AfterhevisitedtheTowerofEasternPearl,hewenttotheinsurancecompanyandmadeanofferthathewantedtopaypremiumtocovertheTowerinordertoprotecttheproperty.Doyouthinkthelocalinsurancecompanyagreestoaccepthisoffer?Idontthinkthelocalinsurancecompanyagreestoaccepthisoffer.ItisbecausetheTowerofEasternPearlbelongstothelocalgovernment,notbelongstotheVisitor.Hehasnoinsurableinteresttothesubjectmatterofinsurance.Therefore,thelocalinsurancecompanywillrefusetoaccepthisoffer.2. Johnsonistheownerofahouse.Thecostofrebuildingthehousewillbe600,000.Hehasamortgagefor350,000withIndustrial&CommercialBankofChina.DiscusswhatextentbothJohnsonandIndustrial&CommercialBankofChinahaveaninsurableinterestinthehouse?Johnsonistheownerofthehouseandthereforehas100percentinsurableinterestoftheh