2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Human relations have commanded peoples attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, plays, and popular or philosophical essays. Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences. “Intuitive” knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior, whereas in the physical sciences such commonsense knowledge is relatively primitive. If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our modem word, not only would we not have cars and television set, we might even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before. We would still “know” how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us; we would still “know” when someone was angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the “whys of much of the selfs behavior and feelings. In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which, though unformulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways. Kohler, in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that “people were acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology”.Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human, relations, the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop. Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically; why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary, documentation but meager scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physic in which there are relatively few nonscientific books.1.According to the passage, it has been suggested that the science of human relations was slow to develop because（ ）.2.Which of the following claims supports the authors statement that “Psychology holds a unique position among the sciences，？3.According to the passage, an understanding of the self can be（ ）.4.The author implies that attempts to treat human relations scientifically have thus far been relatively（ ）.5.It can be inferred that the author assumes that common sense knowledge of human relations is（ ）.问题1选项A.intuitive knowledge of human relations is derived from philosophyB.early scientists were more interested in the physical worldC.scientific studies of human relations appear to investigate the obvious.D.the scientific method is difficult to apply to the study of human relations问题2选项A.The full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious.B.Commonsense understanding of human relations can be incisive.C.Intuitive knowledge in the physical sciences in relatively advanced.D.Subjective bias is difficult to control in psychological research.问题3选项A.highly biased due to unconscious factorsB.improved by specialized trainingC.profound even when vaguely conceivedD.irrelevant for understanding human relations问题4选项A.unilluminatingB.paradoxicalC.pessimisticD.encouraging问题5选项A.equally well developed among all adults within a given societyB.biased insofar as it is based on myths and folktalesC.typically unrelated on an individuals interactions with other peopleD.usually sufficiently accurate to facilitate interactions with others【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。最后一段指出: Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human, relations, the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop (矛盾的是，人类拥有如此本能来经营人际关系，而有关人际关系处理的技巧却在最后才得到发展)。接着后面指出: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?( 人们为何要为一个明白的事实去系统进行观测，再建立起一套理论呢？)。故选C。2.细节事实题。第一段开头主要介绍了心理学能在众科学中占有独特位罝的原因: Although the full significance of a human relationsh