2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist; there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.1.Every group of human beings has（ ）.2.“Backward” languages fall behind Western languages in（ ）.3.All languages, whether civilized or not, have their own（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?5.The authors attitude shown in this passage toward “backward” languages is（ ）.问题1选项A.its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of lifeB.an extremely complex and delicate languageC.its own elegant music, literature, and other artsD.the process of growing crops or raising animals问题2选项A.ways to transfer ideasB.forms to satisfy needsC.abilities to answer descriptionD.systems to expand vocabulary问题3选项A.ways to transfer ideasB.forms to satisfy needsC.abilities to answer descriptionD.systems to expand vocabulary问题4选项A.Anthropologists have nothing to do with linguists.B.Linguists have nothing to do with anthropologists.C.The study of languages casts light upon the study of cultures.D.The study of cultures casts no light upon the study of languages.问题5选项A.restrainedB.subjectiveC.objectiveD.resolute【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“每个群体都有”。文章第一段第一句提到“文化是一个特定群体的所有传统、习俗、信仰和生活方式的总和”（Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs and ways of life of a given group of human beings），由此可知每个群体都有自己的思想、信仰和生活方式，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“落后群体的语言在哪方面落后于西方语言”。文章第二段第四句提到“它们与西方语言的区别不在于发音模式或者语法结构，而在于它们的词汇”（They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers），由此可知选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“无论是开化的还是未开化的语言，都有自己的”。文章第二段第四句话提到“它们与西方语言的区别不在于发音模式或者语法结构，这些通常能满足所有语言要求”（They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs），由此可知，无论是何种语言，都能满足交流要求，选项B符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“下列哪项隐含在文章内容中”。文章第一段最后一句提到“对于专业的人类学家来说，一种文化并不比另一种文化具有内在优越性，正如同对于专业的语言学家而言，语言之间也没有内在的层次之分”（To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist; there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages），由此可知，人类学与文化之间是有一定联系的，因此选项A, B, D都可以排除，选项C符合题意。5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对落后语言的观点是”。文章第一段最后一句提到“对于专业的人类学家来说，一种文化并不比另一种文化具有内在优越性，正如同对于专业的语言学家而言，语言之间也没有内在的层次之分”（To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist; there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages）；第二段第四句提到“它们与西方语言的区别不在于发音模式或者语法结构，而在于它们的词汇”（They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers），所以作者对它的态度是客观的，选项C符合题意。2. 填空题A healthy diet with proper nutrition is essential for maintaining good overall health.（1）it was discovered earlier in this century, people have routinely（2）taking supplements for this purpose. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is a used nutriti