2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 填空题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After you have read the passage, answer each question in English. Write down your answer on ANSWER SHEET.A language is a system of sounds, gestures, or characters used by humans to communicate their ideas and feelings. There are about 4,000 spoken languages in the world. Some are spoken by millions of people. Other languages have only a few speakers.All languages have rules for forming words and for ordering those words in sentences. In written languages, meaning is expressed through a system of characters and rules for combining those characters. In spoken languages, meaning is expressed through a system of sounds and rules for combining those sounds. Many deaf people use sign languages, in which gestures do the work of the sound system of spoken languages.Word order is more important in English than it is in some other languages, such as Russian. The sound system is very important in Chinese and in many languages spoken in West Africa.Languages are always changing, but they change very slowly. People invent new words for their language, borrow words from other languages, and change the meanings of words as needed. For example, the English word byte was invented by computer specialists in 1959. The English word tomato was borrowed from Nahuat, an American Indian language spoken in Mexico. The English word meat once referred to food in general.There are several major language families in the world. The languages in each family are related, and scientists think they came from the same parent family. Language families come in different sizes. The Austronesian family contains at least 500 languages, including Pilipino, Malay, and Maori. The Basque language, spoken in northern Spain, is the only member of its language family.The Indo-European language family contains 55 languages, including English, German, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi. Another language family is Sino-Tibetan, which includes Chinese, Burmese, and Tibetan. The Afro-Asiatic family includes Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic. There are about 150 American Indian languages spoken today. These languages have many differences and have been divided into more than 50 language families.People learn languages by listening, copying what they hear, and using the language. Most children learn their first languages easily, and sometimes other languages as well. Adults often must work harder at learning a second language.1. How many languages are spoken all over the world?2. What are the language rules for?3. How is meaning expressed in sign language?4. What is more important in English compared with other languages?5. Which language is the only member of its language family?【答案】1.About 4,000 spoken languages.2.Forming words and ordering those words in sentences.3.By gestures.4.Word order.5.The Basque language.【解析】1.【选项释义】1. How many languages are spoken all over the world? 1. 世界上有多少种语言？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】第一段第二句提到“世界上大约有4000种语言”可知，答案为“大约4000种”。2.【选项释义】2. What are the language rules for? 2. 语言规则是什么？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“所有的语言都有构词和排列句子的规则”可知，语言规则是“构词和排列句子”。3.【选项释义】3. How is meaning expressed in sign language? 3. 如何用手语表达意思？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“许多聋人使用手语，在手语中，手势起到了口语声音系统的作用”可知，聋人通过手势表达自己的意思。4.【选项释义】4. What is more important in English compared with other languages? 4. 与其他语言相比，英语中什么更重要？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“词序在英语中比在其他一些语言中更重要，比如俄语”可知，英语中词序更重要。5.【选项释义】5. Which language is the only member of its language family? 5. 哪一种语言是其语系的唯一成员？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第五段最后一句“西班牙北部使用的巴斯克语是该语系的唯一成员”可知，巴斯克语是其语系的唯一成员。2. 单选题Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.问题1选项A.who is heB.who it isC.who he isD.who is it【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. who is he他是谁 B. who it is它是谁C. who he is他是谁 D. who is it它是谁【考查点】宾语从句。【解题思路】分析句子可知，空格处为宾语从句，跟在动词go和see的后面，根据前一句“有人在按门铃”可知，宾语从句引导要用who，从句要用陈述语气，who指的是someone，所以要用代词he，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、D项不是陈述语气；B项it不指人。【句意】有人在按门铃。去看看他是谁。3. 单选题Do you think that religion is _ with science?问题1选项A.comparativeB.compatibleC.competitiveD.comparable【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. comparative比较的，相比的 B. compatible可共用的；兼容的C. competitive竞争的 D. comparable类似的；可比较的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】从介词with可知，be compatible with是固定搭配，表示“与相兼容”，且符合句意“你认为宗教和科学是_吗？”，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C没有此用法搭配；D项be comparable with表示“比得上的，与类似的”，不符合句意。【句意】你认为宗教可以和科学共存吗？4. 单选题Since the two countries couldnt _ their differences, they decided to stop their negotiations.问题1选项A.rectifyB.obscureC.reconcileD.oblige【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. rectify矫正，纠正 B. obscure使模糊；使隐晦C. reconcile使和谐一致；调解 D. oblige（以法律、义务等）强迫，迫使【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意“由于这两个国家的分歧无法_，他们决定停止谈判”可知，是因为分歧无法调解，所以会停止谈判，该题选择C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】由于这两个国家的分歧无法调解，他们决定停止谈判。5. 不定项选择