2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题One lesson of the financial crisis is this: when the entire financial system succumbs to panic, only the government is powerful enough to prevent a complete collapse. Panics signify the triumph of fear. Troubled Assets Relieve Program (TARP) was part of the process by which fear was overcome. It wasnt the only part, but it was an essential part. Without TARP, wed be worse off today. No one can say whether unemployment would be 11% or 14%; it certainly wouldnt be 8.9%.That benefited all Americans. TARP, says Douglas Elliott of the Brookings Institution, “is the best large federal program to be despised by the public.” The source of outrage is no secret. Bankers are blamed for the crisis and reviled. The bank bailout-TARPs first and most important purpose-was unpopular. Most Americans, says Elliott, “believe that taxpayers spent $700 billion and got nothing in return.”What this ignores is that an alternative being promoted at the time was widespread nationalization of banks. The cost would have been many times higher; the practical problems would have been enormous. As it was, TARP invested $245 billion in banks. The extra capital helped restore trust. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve increased its lending; the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp, guaranteed $350 billion of bank borrowings. Banks resumed dealing with each other because they regained confidence that commitments would be honored. Of the $245 billion invested in banks, the Treasury has already recovered about $244 billion, including interest payments, dividends, and cash from sold bank stock warrants. So the bank rescue has roughly broken even. When TARPS remaining bank investments are closed, the Treasury expects an overall profit of about $20 billion.Almost all of TARPS activities have been distasteful. This was surely true of the rescue of General Motors and Chrysler. But the automakers5 collapse would clearly have worsened already gloomy unemployment. Did we really want these companies to shut down, with some plants sold to foreign automakers? We need to remember that TARP was a desperate program for desperate times. But some criticisms are broad generalities that, on inspection, are highly suspect. One common assertion is that TARP will encourage more reckless risk-taking because big financial firms know theyll be bailed out if their gambles backfire. Bankers keep profits but are protected against losses, which are assumed by the public.This is a serious issue, but TARPS legacy is actually the opposite. During the crisis, investors in banks and financial institutions suffered huge losses. It wasnt predictable which institutions would survive and which wouldnt-or on what terms. The same would be true in the future. Indeed, TARPS extreme unpopularity compounds uncertainty, because it suggests that politicians will recoil from more bailouts. The moral hazard is more imagined than real.1. What do we learn about TARP from the first paragraph?2. The primary purpose of launching TARP is to _.3. What did TARPs $245 billion investment in banks bring about?4. Whats the authors attitude towards the rescue of General Motors and Chrysler?5. What does the author imply by saying “TARPs extreme unpopularity compounds uncertainty” in the last paragraph?问题1选项A.It played an important role in combating fear in the financial crisis.B.It was considered as the last resort used by the federal government.C.It made more people lose their jobs and more firms go bankrupt.D.It caused great panic and confusion among the US citizens.问题2选项A.ease the employment pressureB.help banks survive the crisisC.improve peoples living standardsD.remove taxpayers anxiety问题3选项A.Numerous practical problems remained unsolved.B.The government suffered a severe economic loss.C.More thoughtless risk-taking appeared in financial firms.D.Banks got trust again and began to take on a new look.问题4选项A.IndifferentB.DoubtfulC.SupportiveD.Concerned问题5选项A.TARP wont effectively solve the major problem faced by US economy.B.Politicians decision on bailouts may be subject to public opinions.C.Itll be fairly easy to predict which bank would survive with TARP.D.The lack of the federal bailout program will lead to more losses.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文中第一段第四句Troubled Assets Relieve Program (TARP) was part of the process by which fear was overcome.（问题资产救助计划（TARP）是克服恐惧的过程的一部分），A选项“在金融危机中，它在战胜恐惧方面发挥了重要作用。”符合文章内容，因此A选项正确。B选项“这被认为是联邦政府最后的手段”，文章所说，这不是唯一的一部分，因此可排除B选项。C选项“它使更多的人失去工作，更多的公司破产”，文章所说没有资助计划，情况可能会更糟，因此C选项可排除。D选项“这在美国公民中引起了极大的恐慌和混乱”，不符合题意，可排除。因此正确答案为A选项。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句As it was, TARP invested $245 billion in banks. The extra capital helped restore trust.（事实上，TARP向银行投资了2450亿美元。额外的资本帮助重建了信任）。B选项“帮助银行度过危机”，文章所说，TARP计划向银行投资了245