2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Envy has become a drive wheel of our modern world. It is the passion that governs our economic life. Modern capitalism relies on its ability to create and increase scarcity and it therefore depends largely on the omnipresence of envy. In affluent societies the availability of material goods increases the demand for positional goods based on social scarcity. Most often it is “ envy，emulation, or pride” creating this kind of scarcity, in which satisfaction is derived from relative position alone, being in front, or from being behind.” As long as people desire what others desire scarcity will be the never-ending condition of our lives that keeps our economy running. Through envy nearly any object can turn into a desirable commodity promising unending happiness.Modern advertising is the best example to illustrate the importance of envy to keep our economy going. Advertising uses envy to make commodities desirable. Posters, announcements and TV-spots show us enviable people who have those things and goods we lack but nonetheless need to gain happiness. Advertisement sells products with the help of envious contagion. Most of the time envy itself remains hidden and is not directly mentioned in commercials. But even this may no longer be true. Envy seems to lose its traditional bad reputation. More and more commercials directly refer to envy to make their commodities more desirable. The most well- known example of an open reference to envy is a perfume produced by the Italian company Gucci with the brand name “Envy” promising that you will not only be envied for some external object that belongs to you but for your very self-embodied in a seductive fragrance.Those of you familiar with traditional definitions of envy and emulation may, however, question my thesis that our modern economy is driven by envy. Is it really envy that governs our economy or would not emulation be a more appropriate and less moralizing term? There is an easy answer to this question. In parallel with the emergence of our modern world and the rise of capitalism the traditional distinction between bad envy and good emulation has slowly lost its meaning. Where Immanuel Kant, for instance, refers to the passions nature uses to turn a sheepish, idle and inactive Arcadia into a prosperous culture he refers to an “enviously competitive vanity” that no longer allows a neat distinction between envy and emulation but mentions a form of human desire comprising both these traditionally distinguished emotions.1. Envy is the driving force of modern economic development because（ ）.2. What is the essence of envy that keeps economy going?3. What is the illusion advertisement brings to its consumers?4. Take the Italian perfume “Envy” for an example, the word “envy” （ ）.5. According to the passage, what is bad envy?6. According to Kant, the commonness between envy and emulation is（ ）.问题1选项A.it gives rise to modern consumerismB.it urges people to possess more and better goodsC.it is the prerequisite of high productivityD.the passion of it helps produce more goods问题2选项A.The pursuit of vanity.B.The wish of the prosperity of products.C.The creativity of advertisements.D.The fulfillment of ambition.问题3选项A.Only those advertised goods are trustworthy.B.To get what has been advertised is to gain happiness.C.To have a feeling that one has become the best in the world.D.The more one possesses, the higher position he will have.问题4选项A.means more positively nowB.has totally different meaning nowC.has been fully taken advantage ofD.can embody a better self问题5选项A.The feeling that forces us to prevent others possessing the goods.B.The feeling that makes us try to obtain the goods of the other.C.A strong desire for what others possess.D.Any of the above-mentioned feelings.问题6选项A.moralizationB.competitivenessC.vanityD.passion【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D第6题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到现在资本主义依赖于它创造和增加稀缺的能力，在很大程度上依赖于无处不在的嫉妒（Modern capitalism relies on its ability to create and increase scarcity and it therefore depends largely on the omnipresence of envy），通过嫉妒几乎所有的商品都可能转化成令人向往的商品（Through envy nearly any object can turn into a desirable commodity promising unending happiness），由此可知嫉妒能够促使人们去拥有更多更好的商品，因此选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到只要人们渴望别人渴望的东西，我们生活中稀缺的商品就不会有止境，这样我们的经济就能得以运转（As long as people desire what others desire scarcity will be the never-ending condition of our lives that keeps our economy running），因此选项A”追求虚荣”符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章第二段第三句话提到海报、公告和电视广告像我们展示了令人嫉妒的人拥有我们没有的但需要有的东西，通过拥有这些东西可以获得幸福（Posters, announcements and TV-spots show us enviable people who have those things and goods we lack but nonetheless need to gain happiness），因此选项B”得到广告中的东西就能得到幸福”就是广告给消费者带来的幻觉。4.判断推理题。文章倒数第二段提到嫉妒似乎失去了它传统的坏名声，越来越多的广告直接提到嫉妒，使他们的商品更受欢迎，其中一个著名的例子就是意大利Gucci公司生产的一款名为”Envy”的香水。由此可知越来越多