2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题In the eyes of Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to at in a warm atmosphere.【答案】在中国人看来，吃饭最重要的是在一个温暖的气氛中，尤其是在节日里。2. 单选题He has been _ of murdering the Japanese visitor.问题1选项A.blamedB.chargedC.accusedD.arrested【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. blamed责怪；指责 B. charged收（费）；控诉C. accused控告；控诉 D. arrested逮捕；拘留【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息murdering the Japanese visitor（谋杀日本游客）可推知，空格处应该填入“指控、控诉”，而由介词of可知，be accused of是固定用法，表示“被指控”，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项不符合句意；B项要与with搭配，charge sb. with sth.表示“控告某人某事”；D项要与for搭配使用，arrest sb. for sth.表示“因某事逮捕某人”。【句意】他被指控谋杀了那名日本游客。3. 单选题Though steam engines have now passed the _ of their usefulness, their heritage remains.问题1选项A.primeB.eraC.epochD.date【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. prime年富力强的时期；鼎盛时期 B. era时代；年代C. epoch纪元；时期 D. date日期；日子【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息passed the _ of their usefulness（过了它们使用的_）和主句their heritage remains（但它的传统依然存在）可推知，该句表示的是“即使蒸汽机过了当初的鼎盛时期，但它的传统依然存在至今”，空格处表示“鼎盛时期”符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C项都是指历史上的一段时期，尤指发生重要事件或变化的时期，不符合句意；D项不符合句意。【句意】尽管蒸汽机现在已不再有用，但它的传统依然存在。4. 单选题Hot metal _ as it grows cooler.问题1选项A.contractsB.reducesC.condensesD.compresses【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. contracts（使）收缩，缩小 B. reduces减少；降低C. condenses（由气体）冷凝，（使气体）凝结 D. compresses（被）压紧，压缩【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词cooler（变冷），结合常识可知，热胀冷缩，所以空格处表示“缩小”，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C项不符合句意；D项是指由于外力的压缩造成的，不符合语境。【句意】热金属一开始变冷就收缩。5. 单选题They dont know how to put in a central-heating system, but they managed it by trial and _.问题1选项A.faultB.slopC.errorD.mistake【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. fault过错；缺点 B. slop泔水；（倒掉的）剩饭菜C. error错误；差错 D. mistake错误，失误【答案】C【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】按照句意“他们不知道如何安装中央供暖系统，但他们通过试验和_设法做到了”，由by trial可知，by trial and error是固定搭配，表示“反复试验”，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项泛指抽象的过失、过错、责任等，不符合句意；B项不符合句意；D项指判断或理解方面的错误，或是由于缺乏思考或疏忽而造成的错误，不符合句意。【句意】他们不知道如何安装中央供暖系统，但他们通过反复试验设法做到了。6. 单选题Passage 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people to, organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field: his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalistand especially the administratordeals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving.He is an “educated” man; and humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for youbut this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job: it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.21. There is an increasing demand for _.22. The specialist is _.23. The administrator is _.24. During your training period, it is important _.25. A mans first job _.问题1选项A.specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to othersB.all-round people in their own fieldC.people whose job is to organize other peoples workD.generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional问题2选项A.a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional mattersB.a man whose job is to train other peopleC.a man who has been trained in more than one fieldD.a man who can see the forest rather than the trees问题3选项A.a man who is an “educated” specialistB.a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalistC.a man who sees the trees as well as the forestD.a man who is very strong in the humanities问题4选项A.to try to be a generalistB.to choose a profitable jobC.to deci