大学英语四、六级考试信息匹配题阅读训练Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraph.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Passage1SurvivingtheRecessionA) Americasrecessionbeganquietlyattheendof2007.Sincethenithasevolvedintoaglobalcrisis.Reasonablepeoplemaydisagreeaboutwhomtoblame.FinancierswhowerenotascleverastheythoughttheywereRegulatorsfallingasleepatworkConsumerswhoborrowedtoomuchPoliticianswhothoughtlesslypromotedhome-ownershipforthosewhocouldnotafforditAllareguilt;andwhatamesstheyhavecreated.B) Since2007Americahasshed5millionjobs.Morethan15%oftheworkforcearejoblessorunderemployedroughly25millionworkers.Theonlyindustriesswellingtheirpayrollsarehealthcare,utilitiesandthefederalgovernment.ThevalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmscollapsedby57%fromitspeakinOctober2007toalowinMarchthisyear,thoughithassinceboundedbacksomewhat.Industrialproductionfellby%intheyeartoMarch,theworstslidesincetheSecondWorldWar.MarkZandi,aneconomistatMoodys,predictsthattherecessionwillshrinkAmericaseconomyby%intotal.“Formostexecutives,thisistheworstbusinessenvironmenttheyveeverseen.C) Timesaresotoughthatevenbossesaretakingpaycuts.Median(中位数的)payforchiefexecutivesofS&P500companiesfell%in2008.TheoverthrownbusinessgiantsofWallStreettookthebiggestknock,withaveragepaycutsof38%andmedianbonusesofzero.Buttherewassomepainforeveryone:medianpayforchiefexecutivesofnon-financialfirmsintheS&P500fellby%.D) Nearlyeverybusinesshasasadtaletotell.Forexample,ArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotel,likensthecrisistothedownturnthathithisbusinessafterSeptember11th,2001.Whenthetwintowersfell,Americansstoppedtravelling.Marriotthaditsworstquarterever,withrevenuesperroomfallingby25%.Thisyear,withoutaterroristattack,thehotelindustryis“puttingthesamenumbersontheboard”,saysMr.Sorenson.E) Otherindustrieshavesufferedevenmore.Largenumbersofbuilders,propertyfirmsandretailershavegonebankrupt.AndadisasterhashitDetroit.LastyeartheAmericancarindustryhadthecapacitytomake17millionvehicles.Salesin2009couldbebarelyhalfofthat.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakersGeneralMotors,FordandChrysleraccumulatedruinouscostsoverthepost-waryears,suchasgold-platedhealthplansandpensionsforworkerswhoretiredasyoungas48.Allthreearedesperatelyrestructuring.OnlyFordmaysurviveinitscurrentform.F) Hardtimesbreedhardfeeling.FewAmericansunderstandwhatcausedtherecession.Someareseekingscapegoats(替罪羊).Politiciansarehappytotakeadvantage.BosseshavebeensummonedtoWashingtontobescoldedonlivetelevision.Thepresidentcondemnstheirgreed.G) Businessfolksarebendingoverbackwardstoavoidseemingextravagant.Meetingsatresortsaresuddenlyunacceptable.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasatthelastminuteandrebookeditinSanFrancisco,whichcostmorebutsoundedlessfun.H) Anyway,thepainwilleventuallyend.Americanbusinesswillregainitsshine.Manyfirmswilldie,butthesurvivorswillemergeleanerandstrongerthanbefore.Thefinancialsectorsshareoftheeconomywillshrink,andstayshrunkforyearstocome.Theimportanceofnon-financialfirmswillaccordinglyrise,alongwiththeirabilitytoattractthebesttalent.Americawillremainthebestplaceonearthtodobusiness,solongasBarackObamaandtheDemocratsinCongressresistthetemptationtointerferetoomuch,andsolongasorganizedlaborsdoesnotoverplayitshand.I) Mr.Obamasplantocurbcarbondioxideemissions(NF放),thoughnecessary,willbefarfromcost-free,whateverhissunnyspeechesonthesubjectmightsuggest.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomywillhelpsomefirms,hurtothersandrequireeveryorganizationthatusesmuchenergytorethinkhowitoperates.ItishardertopredicthowMr.Obamasproposedreformstothefailinghealth-caresystemwillturnout.IfhesucceedsincurbingcostsabigifitwouldbeahugegainforAmerica.Somebusinesswillbenefitbutthevastbulkofthesavingswillbecapturedbyworkers,nottheiremployers.J) Inthenextcoupleofyearsthebusinessesthatthrivewillbethosethataretightwithcosts,carefulofdebt,cautiouswithcashflowandextremelyattentivetowhatcustomerswant.Theywillincludeplentyofnamesnoonehasyetheardof.K) Timeschange,andcorporationschangewiththem.In1955TimesManoftheYearwasHarlowCurtice,thebossofGM.HisfirmwasleadingtomenlikeCurtice,Americatowards“aneweconomicorder”,themagazinewrote.Thanks“thebondsofscarcityhadbeenbrokenandAmericawasrolling“toanall-timehighofprosperity.Soon,AmericanswouldneedtospendcomparativelylittletimeearningalivingL) HalfacenturylaterGMisatypicalexampleforpoormanagement.InMarchitschiefexecutivewasfiredbyTimescurrentManoftheYear,Mr.Obama.Thegovernmentnowbacksupthedomesticcarindustry,lendingitmoneyandoverseeingitsturnaroundplans.Withluck,thiswillbeshort-lived.ButthereisadangerthatWashingtonwillendupmicromanagingnotonlyDetroitbutalsootherpartsoftheeconomy.AndcleverasMr.Obamasadvisersare,historysuggeststheywillbebadatthis.1. TheAmericasrecessionaffect