2021年考研英语一真题及参考答案 2021年考研英语一SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:A，B，corDonANSwERSHEET1.In1924AmericanNationalResearchcouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperim_1_，thestudiesended_2_givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”theextremelyinfluentialideathevery_3_tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjectsbehaviorTheideaarosebecauseofthe_4_5_oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,_6_whatwasdoneintheexperiment._7_8_thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe_9_toalterworkersbehavior_10_itselfAfterseveraldecades，thesamedatawere_11_toeconometrictheanalysisHawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord，nosystematic_13_wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlightingItturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto_14_interpretationofwhathappened._15_，lightingwasalwayschangedonaSundaywhenworkstartedagainonmonday,output_16_rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand_17_toriseforthenextcoupleofdays_18_，acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponmonday,workers_19_tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase，before_20_“Hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown1.AaffectedBachievedcextractedDrestored2.AatBupcwithDoff3.AtruthBsightcactDproof4.AcontroversialBperplexingcmischievousDambiguous5.ArequirementsBexplanationscaccountsDassessments6.AconcludeBmattercindicateDwork7.AasfarasBforfearthatcincasethatDsolongas8.AawarenessBexpectationcsentimentDillusion9.AsuitableBexcessivecenoughDabundant10.AaboutBforconDby11.AcomparedBshowncsubjectedDconveyed12.AcontrarytoBconsistentwithcparallelwithDpeculiarto13.AevidenceBguidancecimplicationDsource14.AdisputableBenlighteningcreliableDmisleading15.AIncontrastBForexamplecInconsequenceDAsusual16.AdulyBaccidentallycunpredictablyDsuddenly17.AfailedBceasedcstartedDcontinued20.AbreakingBclimbingcsurpassingDhittingSectionReadingcomprehensionPartADirections：A，B，corD.markyouranswersonANSwERSHEET1.Text2overthepastdecade,t“one-click”onlinepayments。Nowthenationstoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,which,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”，saysDermisD,“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents”curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestr,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,IBmnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpa,somewallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。TheBilskicaseardbyall12ofthecourtsjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling。TheFederalcircuit,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”“reactiontotheanti-patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysHarolecwegner,apartendattorneyandprofessoratwashingtonUniversityLawSchool。AtheirlimitedvaluetobusinessBtheirconnectionwithassetallocationcthepossiblerestrictionontheirgrantingDthecontroversyoverauthorization?AItsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisionsBItinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransactioncIthasbeendismissedbytheFederalcircuitD。“about-face”mostprobablymeansAlossofgoodwillBincreaseofhostilitycchangeofattitudeDenhancementofdisunityAareimmunetolegalchallengesBareoftenunnecessarilyissuedclowertheesteemforpatentholdersDincreasetheincidenceofrisks?AAloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatentsBProtectionforbusiness-methodpatentholderscAlegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatentsDAprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatentsText3InhisbookTheTippingPointmalcolmAladuellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusualinformed,persuasive,texplainhowideasactuallyspread。Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“tow-stepflowofcommunication“.Informaanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,oplewaswearing,specialpeoplecalldrivetrends。Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinflue,theydonargumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeoprahwinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonalinfluence-eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydonhetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodriluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoonandjusthowmany