2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Einstein was a man deeply （ ） to the ideal of the morally responsible scientist.问题1选项A.affectedB.committedC.subjectedD.maintained【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。affect “影响”；commit “承诺”；subject “使服从”,maintain “维修”。爱因斯坦是一个决心成为有责任感的科学家的人。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Until men invented ways of staying underwater for more than a few minutes, the wonders of the world below the surface of the sea were almost unknown. The main problem, of course, lies in air. How could air be supplied to swimmers below the surface of the sea? Pictures made about 2, 900 years ago in Asia show men swimming under the surface with air bags tied to their bodies. A pipe from the bag carried air into the swimmers mouth. But little progress was achieved in the invention of diving devices until about 1490, when the famous Italian painter, Leonardo da Vinci, designed a complete diving suit.In 1680, an Italian professor invented a large air bag with a glass window to be worn over the divers head. To “clean” the air a breathing pipe went from the air bag, through another bag to remove moisture, and then again to the large air bag. The plan did not work, but it gave later inventors the idea of moving air around in diving devices.In 1819, a German, Augustus Siebe, developed a way of forcing air into the head-covering by a machine operated above the water. Finally, in 1837, he invented the “hard-hat suit” that was to be used for nearly a century. It had a metal covering for the head and an air pipe attached to a machine above the water. It also had small openings to remove unwanted air. But there were two dangers to the diver inside the “hard-hat suit”. One was the sudden rise to the surface, caused by a too great supply of air. The other was the crushing of the body, caused by a sudden diving into deep water. The sudden rise to the surface could kill the diver; a sudden dive could force his body up into the helmet, which could also result in death.Gradually the “hard-hat suit” was improved so that the diver could be given a constant supply of air. The diver could then move around under the ocean without worrying about the air supply.During the 1940s diving underwater without a special suit became popular. Instead, divers used a breathing device and a small covering made of rubber and glass over parts of the face. To improve the swimmer s speed another new invention was used： a piece of rubber shaped like a giant foot, which was attached to each of the divers own feet. The manufacture of rubber breathing pipes made it possible for divers to float on the surface of the water, observing the marine life underneath them. A special rubber suit enabled them to stay in cold water for long periods, collecting specimens of animal and vegetable life that had never been obtained in the past.The most important advance, however, was the invention of a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, which is called a “scuba”.Invented by two Frenchmen, Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan, the scuba consists of a mouth-piece joined to one or two tanks of compressed air which are attached to the divers back.The scuba makes it possible for a diver-scientist to work 200 feet underwater or even deeper for several hours. As a result, scientists can now move around freely at great depths, learning about the wonders of the sea.1.The main progress mentioned in this passage was （ ）.2.An invention of an Italian professor（ ） .3.Siebes invention was not a perfect one, because（ ） .4.The word “scuba” is（ ） .问题1选项A.an Italian professor invented a large air bagB.men invented the best diving devicesC.an Italian painter designed a complete diving suitD.an air bag问题2选项A.worked out very wellB.can “clean” the airC.inspired later inventionsD.was used to remove moisture问题3选项A.too small a supply of air could result in a sudden rise to the surfaceB.a sudden dive into deep water could cause the crushing of the bodyC.the air pipe attached to a machine could be above the surfaceD.both A and B问题4选项A.a certain divers nameB.an original English wordC.named by the inventorD.an acronym【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文中的单词“invented, developed, improved” 以及 “the most important advance” 可以知道，文章一直在阐述潜水装备的发展进程。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据“it gave later inventors the idea” 这一句得知选项C最符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第三句，“But there were two dangersOne wasThe other was,”选项B最符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“self-contained underwater breathing apparatus” ，可知scuda是首字母缩略词，选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Though I had tried to explain it as clearly as possible, my explanation seemed not to（ ）.问题1选项A.get upB.get alongC.get acrossD.get down【答案】C【解析】动词短语。get up“起床”；get along“相处，进展”；get across “使被理解”；get down“从下来，使沮丧”。句意：尽管我努力解释地足够清楚了，但是我的解释似乎不能被理解。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题If Catlin was the painter of the America