2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal pointsperiods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have give way to the question “why did it happen?” Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho historians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event and that other explanations fall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determination that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.17. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?18. It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually _.19. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?20. The author of the passage puts the word “deepest” in Para.3 in quotation marks most probably in order to _.问题1选项A.The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical methodB.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.C.History is composed of unique and non-repeating events that must be individually analyzed on the basis of publicly verifiable evidenceD.The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life问题2选项A.relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical eventsB.interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcendedC.views past events as complex and having their own individualityD.turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events问题3选项A.What are some specific examples of the use of psychohistory in historical interpretation?B.When do traditional historians consider psychological explanations of historical developments appropriate?C.What sort of historical figure is best suited for psychological analysis?D.What is the basic criterion of historical evidence required by traditional historians?问题4选项A.draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians methodB.signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians claim for their workC.emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians method and that of psychohistoriansD.question the usefulness of psychohistorians insights into traditional historical scholarship【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】17. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一段提出“历史研究在传统上的特点”；第二段讲“现代历史研究的