2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题All societies have distinct role expectations for men and for women. In the United States, these expectations have been undergoing change for many decades. Today Americans live in a world of diverse family patterns and conflicting images of ideal life styles for men and women. The conventional norms of the first half century defined a successful woman as a wife and mother who stayed home to carry out a full array of household duties. The husband and father was expected to stay away from the home most of the day, earning enough money to pay the bills. Many adults still live by these expectations, but the traditional pattern is no longer held up as an ideal to be followed by everyone. Times have changed; there is no return to yesterday.Although the womens movement and political controversies about such issues and the Equal Rights Amendment and sexual harassment suggest that changing sex roles is a recent issue, this is far from the case. Broad trends can be identified over the past hundred years. Women have increased their participation in the labor force from 18% in 1900 to over 50% today, and they give birth to fewer children than women did in the past. In 1910 the birth rate was 30 per 1,000 population; by the 1900s it had declined to 16 per 1,000. These two trendsincreasing participation in the labor force and decreasing family sizesuggest that major long-term changes have restructured the role expectations of men and women. These changes are complex. The fact that more women are joining the labor force as full-time workers does not mean that a single sex role pattern is emerging.On the contrary, we are living in a period of diverse family patterns. According to Kathleen Gerson, “the domestic woman who builds her life around children and homemaking persists, but she now coexists with a growing number of working mothers and permanently childless women.”Women today face hard choices as they make decisions about work, career, and motherhood. Despite womens liberation, women still earn less than men in the work place and are still expected to do most of the work in the home. Women work substantially more hours each week in the home and at the workplace than men do. Women are working harder than ever, yet many do not enjoy the benefits of full equality.11. The tradition roles for men and women _.12. Changing sex roles is not a recent issue because _.13. The fact that more women are joining the labor force as full time workers means that _.14. Its stated in the last paragraph that _.15. According to this passage, the statement which is NOT true is _.问题1选项A.are diverseB.are conflictingC.have been changingD.are no longer followed问题2选项A.women have increased their participation in the labor force over the past hundred yearB.more and more women are becoming working mothers or childless womenC.the conventional image of women has changed beyond recognitionD.people have changed their expectations of women in modern society问题3选项A.women are becoming more independentB.the family patterns are becoming diverseC.a single-role pattern is emergingD.women are eager to work问题4选项A.women today still suffer from inequality in work and lifeB.womens liberation has promoted their social statusC.the society expects more from women than from menD.women are more capable and diligent than men问题5选项A.many people still follow the conventional norms of life styleB.women today give birth to fewer children than women in the pastC.more and more women choose to work rather than to be housewivesD.men do as much domestic work as women do at home【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】11.【试题答案】C【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句All societies have distinct role expectations for men and for women. In the United States, these expectations have been undergoing change for many decades.（所有社会对男人和女人都有不同的角色期望。在美国，这些期望几十年来一直在发生变化。），说明男女的传统角色一直在改变。因此C选项“一直在改变”正确。A选项“多种多样”，原文说的是家庭模式多样，所以A错误。B选项“是矛盾的”，原文说的是男女理想生活方式相互矛盾，所以B错误。D选项“不再遵循传统”，原文说的是很多成年人依然遵循传统，但这些传统不再被视为必须遵循的，所以D错误。12.【试题答案】A【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句Broad trends can be identified over the past hundred years. Women have increased their participation in the labor force from 18% in 1900 to over 50% today, and they give birth to fewer children than women did in the past.（在过去的一百年里，我们可以看到大致的趋势。女性的劳动参与率从1900年的18%提高到今天的50%以上，而且她们比过去的女性少生孩子。），说明性别角色的改变不是最近才出现的问题，因为女性的劳动参与率提高了。因此A选项“在过去的一百年里，妇女的劳动参与度有所提高”正确。B选项“越来越多的女性成为工作母亲或不生育的女性”只说明了女性的现状，所以B错误。C选项“女性的传统形象已经发生了翻天覆地的变化”，由原文可知，以孩子和家庭为中心的女性仍然大量存在，所以C错误。D选项“现代社会中，人们对女性的期望发生了变化”不能说明这是过去一百年来的趋势，所以D错误。13.【试题答案】B【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句we are living in a period of diverse family patterns.（我们生活在一个家庭模式多样化的时期。），说明越来越多的女性参与劳动成为全职工作者意味着家庭模式多种多样，既有以孩子和家庭为中心的女性，也有工作母亲或不生育的女性。因此B选项“家庭模式日趋多样化”正确。A选项“女性变得更加独立”，D选项“女性渴望工作”在文中没有提及，所以A，D错误。C选项“单一角