2022年考博英语-中国社会科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club a bigger（ ） and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.问题1选项A.sayB.transmissionC.decayD.contention【答案】A【解析】空格前是冠词+形容词比较级，可知本题考查名词辨析。A选项say“发言权”；B选项transmission“传递；播送”；C选项decay“衰退”；D选项contention“争论；论点”。句意：由托尼布莱尔执行的威斯敏斯特立法权的部分转让是为了赋予俱乐部其他成员更大的，并且对抗那些威胁到欧盟观点的离心力。因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题Plato suggested memory was analogous Ato the impression of messages on wax Bwriting tablets. For Plato, writing on the tablet represented learning something new. The tablet itself was the memory store, and reading the tablets later was analogous to Ctry to recall the stored information. Unfortunately, Platos analogy misses an important characteristic of memory, Dnamely that it is selective.问题1选项A.toB.writingC.try to recallD.namely【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。C选项前的be analogous to“类似于”，后面的to是介词，后面应接名词、动名词或者代词，应将try改为trying。3. 单选题oncerning speculation, philosophy looks upon things from the broadest possible perspective; for criticism, it has the twofold role of questioning and judging everything that pertains either to the foundations or to the superstructure of human thinking.问题1选项A.inebriatesB.forsakesC.relatesD.emaciates【答案】C【解析】Pertain作为后半句的定语从句中的谓语动词，后面有to与之相搭配。选项中常与to搭配的只有relate。A选项inebriate“灌醉，使陶醉”；B选项forsake“放弃，断念”；C选项relate“有联系，涉及”；D选项emaciate“使消瘦”。从句意上来说，也只有C选项relate相符合。4. 单选题In the world of show business, for example, fame is apt to be breathtakingly（ ）, a year in the limelight followed by total obscurity.问题1选项A.ephemeralB.peripheralC.perpetualD.evanescent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ephemeral“短暂的；朝生暮死的”；B选项peripheral“外围的；次要的”；C选项perpetual“永久的；四季开花的”；D选项evanescent“容易消散的；逐渐凋零的”。句意：例如，在演艺界，名声往往是惊人地，引人注目的一年之后，就完全默默无闻了。本句表示名声时间段，应该搭配“短暂的”更合适，因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Conrad produced 13 novels, 2 volumes of memoirs, and 28 short stories. His life at sea （ ）the background for much of his writing.问题1选项A.renderedB.furnishedC.concededD.ascribed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项render“致使；提出”；B选项furnish“提供；供应；装备”；C选项concede“让步；承认”；D选项ascribe“归因于；归咎于”。句意：康拉德创作了13部小说、2卷回忆录和28篇短篇小说。他在海上的生活他大部分写作的背景。联系句意可知B选项符合题意。6. 单选题The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children.问题1选项A.infuseB.disseminateC.extractD.demonstrate【答案】C【解析】划线词的宾语是the essence of those values for school children，从那些价值观中本质。A选项infuse“灌输；浸渍”；B选项disseminate“宣传；散步”；C选项extract“提取；提炼”；D选项demonstrate“证明；展示”。联系句意可知“从那些价值观中提取本质”逻辑通顺，因此C选项符合题意。7. 单选题The top PhD programs set an incredibly high bar: a lot of coursework, teaching experience, qualifying exams, a thesis defense, and of course making a（ ）research contribution in your area.问题1选项A.heart-brokenB.record-breakingC.back-breakingD.ground-breaking【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项heart-broken “极其伤心的”；B选项record-breaking“破纪录的”；C选项back-breaking“使人筋疲力尽的”；D选项ground-breaking“独创的；开拓性的”句意：顶尖的博士课程设置了一个令人难以置信的高标准:大量的课程学习、教学经验、资格考试、论文答辩，当然还有对你所在领域的研究做出的贡献。学术需要的是独创性，而不是破纪录，因此D选项符合题意。8. 单选题Historian Jackson Turner claimed that the frontier produced the individualism that is the（ ）of American culture and that this individualism in turn promoted democratic institutions and economic equality.问题1选项A.hallmarkB.drawbackC.continuityD.ambiguity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项hallmark“特质；品质证明”；B选项drawback“缺点；不利条件；退税”；C选项continuity“连续性”；D选项ambiguity“含糊；模棱两可的话”。句意：历史学家杰克逊特纳声称边疆地区产生了个人主义，而个人主义正是美国文化的，这种个人主义反过来又促进了民主制度和经济平等。由句意可知A选项符合题意。9. 翻译题Translate the underlined sentences into good Chinese.The notion that inanimate objects are subject to their own experience may sound absurd; and it is. However, the reason to dismiss it is not intuitionconditioned as the latter is by unexamined cultural assumptionsbut simple logic.（1）You see, the movement from “consciousness is the intrinsic nature of the physical world” to “subatomic particles are conscious” relies on a flawed logical bridge: it attributes to that which experiences a structure discernible only in the experience itself.The concept of subatomic particles is motivated by experiments whose outcomes are accessible to us only in the form of conscious perception.（2）Even when delicate instrumentation is used, the output of this instrumentation is only available to us as perception. Those experiments show that the images on the screen of perception can be divided up into ever-smaller elements, until we reach a limit. At this limit, we find the smallest discernible constituents of the images, wh