选修 6 Unit 1 Art语法课 虚拟语气用法详解1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be用were)should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形现在动词过去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could + 动词原形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，他会帮助我们的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.我要是你的话，要尽力抓住这次机会。(2) 混合虚拟语气/错综时间条件句有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了 。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。2 wish 所接从句的虚拟语气 对现在虚拟 : wish + (that)+did(were) 对过去虚拟 : wish + (that)+had done 对将来虚拟 : wish + would/could/might+do3 would rather 从句的虚拟语气 对现在/将来虚拟：I would rather sb. did sth. 对过去虚拟：I would rather sb. +had done4 一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 六项要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire + (that) sb. (should) do sth. 注意: suggest表暗示, 表明时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气5 使用虚拟语气的固定句型： It is + adj.(important, necessary, natural, right, strange, surprising) + that sb.（should）do sth. It is + n.(a pity/a shame） + that sb.（should）do sth. It is (high, about, low) time + thatsb. did sth./ sb. should do sth. (should不可省略) She takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child.6 含蓄虚拟：but for (如果不是因为)=If it were not for/If it hadnt been for, without, otherwise But for your help, I would have failed. Without the money, I would not be alive now. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. 即时练习: 1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 2. _ for the free tickets, I wouldnt have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 3. I supported him in time, otherwise he _ off the bike. A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen 4. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. did not begin C. had not begun D. would not have begun 5. If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A. will see B. could see C. must see D. should see 6. Henry would rather his mother _ in the school where he is studying. A. not work B. not worked C. didnt work D. not working 7. Is it necessary that he _ the examination before he asks for a leave? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take 8. It is urged that no smoking _ in the library and other smoke-free zones on the campus. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed 9. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 10. My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent 11. We felt as if we _ each other for years when we first met each other. A. knew B. were knowing C. had known D. have known 12. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 13. I wish you _ him my telephone number