一、句子成分(Members of Sentence) 主要成分：主语，谓语 次要成分：宾语，表语，定语，状语，补足语，同位语，独立成分1.主语 (Subject)：主要由名词(短语)或起名词作用的词，短语或从句来充当。2.谓语 (Predicate)：说明主语的动作，状态和性质。3.宾语 (Object)：表示动作所涉及的对象。直接宾语(Direct Object)，间接宾语(Indirect Object)，复合宾语(Complex Object) (宾语 + 宾语补足语)4.表语 (Predicative)：位于连系动词之后，说明主语的身分，性质和特征。5.定语 (Attribute)：用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，有前置和后置之分。6.状语 (Adverbial)：指修饰动词，形容词和副词，介词短语或整个句子的成分。7.补足语 (Complement)：8.同位语 (Appositive)：由两个或两个以上的9.独立成分 (Independent Element)：与句子中的其它成分没有通常语法关系(如一致关系，修饰关系，连接关系等)的词，短语或分句，它们 与其它成分之间通常由逗号隔开。独立成分有三种：感叹语(Interjection)，呼语(Vocative)，插入语(Parenthesis)。Exercises:1. July 13, 2001 saw a very bright night in Beijing that will never fade from memory.2. He is the only of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years. (be)3. The wounded taken from the front _ immediate treatment in the field hospital now. (need)4. Taking exercise early in the morning _ part of her retired life. (become) / His being looked down upon made him happy. / There being a bus stop near ones house is a great advantage.5. To win the Globe Award _ a great honour for a film-maker. (be) / When and where to hold the meeting _ decided yet. (not be )6. Whether Jenny will pass the interview _ on her confidence in herself. (depend)7. That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.8. Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl _ worth praising. (be)9. Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.10. It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.I1. Its no use crying over split milk.12. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. (go)13. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. (be)14. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. (be)15. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (be)16. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, _ to be built here. (be)17. Either the players or the coach _ responsible for the defeat. (be)18. Many a doctor and many a nurse _ busy with their work. (be)19. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ being washed away each year. (be)20. Every possible means _ used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (be)二、英语简单句基本句型1、主语 + 不及物动词 (SV)2、主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (SVO)3、主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (SVP)常见系动词有：表“是”: be 表“变化”：become, get, grow, turn, go 表“保持”：remain, stay, keep, 表“感觉”：look, smell, taste, feel, sound 表“似乎，好象”：seem, appear4、主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (SVOO) 常见能带双宾语的谓语动词有：give, award, bring, take, get, fetch, pass, hand, tell, teach, send, read, write, lend, buy, make, pay, recommend, etc.5、主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (SVOC)常见能带复合宾语的谓语动词有：表“感觉”的动词：see / hear / look at / listen to/ watch / observe / notice / feel sb./ sth. do / doing / done / being done表“使、让”的动词： let sb./ sth. do make sb./ sth. do / done / adj./ n. have sb./ sth. do / doing / done get sb./ sth. to do / doing / done / adj. leave sb./ sth. doing / to do / done / adj. cause sb/sth. to do send sb./ sth. doing / adj. drive sb./ sth. to do / adj. / to sth. set sb./ sth. doing / adj./ prep. vt. sb./ sth. to do : ask / request / tell / order / command / wish / expect / want / allow / permit, etc. 其它常考结构： keep sb./ sth. doing / done / adj. find sb./ sth. doing / done / adj. catch sb./ sth. doing