2022年考博英语-南京大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The pioneers of the teaching of science imagined that its introduction into education would move the conventionality, artificiality, and backward-lookingness which were characteristic of classical studies, but they were gravely disappointed. So, too, in their time had the humanists) thought that the study of the classical authors in the original would banish at once the dull pedantry and superstition of mediaeval scholasticism. The professional schoolmaster was a match for both of them，and has almost managed to make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Virgils Aeneid.The chief claim for the use of science in education is that it teaches a child something about the actual universe in which he is living in, making him acquainted with the results of scientific discovery, and at the same time teaches him how to think logically and inductively by studying scientific method. A certain limited success has been reached in the first of these aims, but practically none at all in the second. Those privileged members of the community who have been through a secondary or public school education may be expected to know something about the elementary physics and chemistry of a hundred years ago, but they probably know hardly more than any bright boy can pick up from an interest in wireless or scientific hobbies out of school hours.As to the learning of scientific method, the whole thing is palpably a farce. Actually, for the convenience of teachers and the requirements of the examination system, it is necessary that the pupils not only do not learn scientific method but learn precisely the reverse，that is, to believe exactly what they are told and to reproduce it when asked, whether it seems nonsense to them or not. The way in which educated people respond to such quackeries as spiritualism or astrology, not to say more dangerous ones such as racial theories or currency myths, shows that fifty years of education in the method of science in Britain or Germany has produced no visible effect whatever. The only way of learning the method of science is the long and bitter way of personal experience, and, until the educational or social systems are altered to make this possible, the best we can expect is the production of a minority of people who are able to acquire some of the techniques of science and a still smaller minority who are able to use and develop them.1.The author implies that the professional schoolmaster” (line 6) has（ ）.2.The author blames all of the following for the failure to impart scientific method through the（ ）.3.If the author were to study current education in science to see how things have changed since he wrote the piece, he would probably be most interested in the answer to which of the following questions?4.All of the following can be inferred from the text except（ ）.问题1选项A.no interest in teaching scienceB.thwarted attempts to enliven educationC.supported the humanistsD.been a pioneer in both science and humanities.问题2选项A.lack of interest on the part of studentsB.poor teachingC.examination methodsD.the social and education systems问题3选项A.Do students know more about the world about them?B.Do students spend more time in laboratories?C.Can students apply their knowledge logically?D.Have textbooks improved?问题4选项A.at the time of writing, not all children received a secondary school educationB.it is relatively easy to learn scientific methodC.science teaching has imparted some knowledge of facts to some childrenD.the author believes that many teachers are authoritarian【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Virgils Aeneid.” 这些专业的老师使化学反应的理解变得乏味，使阅读变得教条化，所以教育越来越没有活跃度。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，因为老师们图方便和考试制度，使学生们没有更好地学习科学方法，直到教育制度或者社会制度发生了变化才能使学生们对科学方法的学习成为可能。所以作者没有提及学生们的兴趣问题。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章内容，作者最关心的是学生们有没有接受到科学方法教育，最后一段可以看出，“the production of a minority of people who are able to acquire some of the techniques of science and a still smaller minority who are able to use and develop them.”，一部分人能研究获得科学技术和方法，但是运用的人很少。由此可见，作者关心的学生能否用一些科学的方法获得知识。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“The only way of learning the method of science is the long and bitter way of personal experience”，学习科学方法是漫长而痛苦的，并不是简单的，选项B符合题意。2. 单选题（ ）choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they like the rapid pace of city life.问题1选项A.Large number of peopleB.So large number of people toC.There are large number of peopleD.Large number of people who【答案】A【解析】语法知识。根据后面because 引导的原因状语从句，可知前一句为主句，主句缺主语。选项A符合题意。3. 翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与红楼梦比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。【答案】