教师资格考试中学教育知识与能力章节考点(2.3)Teacher qualification examination, middle school education, knowledge and competence, chapter 2.3Teacher qualification examination, middle school education, knowledge and competence, chapter 2.3Third sections of curriculum reformI. The trend of curriculum reform in various countries of the worldThe basic education curriculum reform in the world shows the following characteristics:First, the basic education curriculum reform attaches great importance to adjusting the training objectives, to make a new generation of citizens are necessary for them to adapt to social and economic development of science and technology in twenty-first Century, the overall quality, emphasizing the all-round development of students, rather than focusing on the students academic goals.Second, pay attention to the change and adjustment of personnel training mode, and emphasize the change of students learning style so as to cultivate international citizens with lifelong learning desire and ability.Third, many countries attach importance to the adjustment of course content, emphasize the selection of curriculum content suitable for the needs of the development of students and the times, pay attention to students experience, reflect the latest progress of society, science and technology, to meet the needs of diversified development of student.Fourth, pay attention to the evaluation reform, and further diversify the evaluation methods, focusing on the role of evaluation in promoting students potential, personality, creativity and so on.Two, the history and present situation of curriculum reform in our countryThe establishment of new China in 60 years, Chinas basic education curriculum has experienced eight major reforms, has a history of close contact between the previous reforms, a comprehensive study of the eight curriculum reform, will be helpful for current curriculum reform and future reform.The first curriculum reform from 1.1949 to 1952Since the founding of new China, the state has reclaimed the educational sovereignty, and has thoroughly transformed all kinds of educational problems left over by the old china. In December 1949 the Ministry of Education held the first National Conference on education, the meeting proposed the basic principle of education reform is to old Jiefang District new education experience, absorb the useful experiences of the old education, with the experience of the Soviet Union, the construction of the new democratic education. This is the Department of education reform from top to bottom, to carry out the transformation of the old curriculum, initially established a new curriculum system of elementary and secondary schools in China, the formation of a national unified teaching plan, unified teaching syllabus and unified textbook universal curriculum model.The second curriculum reform in 2.19531957 yearsWith the national economic recovery, l953, China began to implement the 15 program, education will inevitably follow the economic development and make corresponding changes. In, the director meeting of the District Education Committee held in January and the second national education conference held in June sounded the clarion call for a new round of reform. The two meeting established that the focus of education in the future is to consolidate, consolidate and develop primary and secondary schools. In December 1953, the State Council issued the Central Peoples Government on rectifying and improving primary school education instructions pointed out: in the next few years in the primary school education should be based on a plan to consolidate rectification, to focus on the development of primary school, unified work and study by the Department of education leadership arrangement. L954 in April, the Government Administration Council promulgated the Central Peoples Government on the improvement and development of middle school education instructions, clearly pointed out: in order to improve the teaching quality, the central Ministry of education should be based on the national transitional mission and goal of high school education, further to the dialectical materialist theory and historical materialism viewpoint and theory and the actual contact method, there are plans to revise the teaching plan, revised teaching syllabus and textbooks, and edit a set of teaching guide books for teachers, this is one of the most basic work to improve the quality of school education. These two documents provide guidance and basis for curriculum reform. According to the teaching plan, the Ministry of Education issued the first relatively complete set of teaching syllabus, teaching syllabus for all subjects in primary and middle schools (Revised Draft), since the founding of new China in l956. With the basic completion of the three major transformations of socialism, the socialist system was basically established in 1956, a