马丁 . 路德 .金 我有一个梦的文体分析Abstract: On the base of the definition of stylistics, this thesis gives a detailed analysis of some the of stylistic devices used in the famous speech by the well-known American civil rights movement leader Martin Luther King, Jr., and then probes into the stylistic characteristics of speech as a style.Key words: Stylistics, Stylistic devices, analysis, speech.摘 要 :本文首先阐述了文体学的定义,并在此基础上对对美国着名黑人领袖马丁. 路德.金的着名演讲我有一个梦中所使用的文体手段进行了详尽的分析,进而对演讲文体的风格进行了简要的论述。关键词 :文体学 ;文体手段 ;分析 ;演讲As an interdisciplinary field of study, stylistics promises to offer useful insightsinto literarycriticism and the teaching of literature with its explicitaims and effective techniques. It is veryuseful in the analysis of various styles of writing. In this thesis, the author tries to offer a stylisticanalysis of the famous speech by Martin Luther king, Jr. I Have a Dream.1. Introduction: Definition of Stylistics and Stylistic AnalysisAs far as the definition of stylistics is concerned different scholars define the branch of study indifferentways. Walesdefinesstylisticssimplyas“ the studyofstyle ”(1989:437), whileWiddowson providesa more informativedefinitionas “ thestudyofliterary discourse fromalinguistic orientation” and takes“ a view that what distinguishes stylistics from literary criticismon the one hand and linguistics on the other is that it is essentially a means of linking the two(1975:3). Leech holds a similar view. He defines stylistics as the“ study of the use of language inliterature(1969:1)”and considers stylisticsa“ meeting-groundoflinguisticsand literarystudy” (1969:2)From. what Widdowson and Leech say, we can see that stylisticsis an area ofstudythat straddles two disciplines: literary criticismand linguistics.It takes literary discourse(text) as its object of study and uses linguistics as a means to that end.Stylistic analysis is generally concerned with the uniqueness of a text; that is, what it is that ispeculiarto the uses oflanguage in a literarytext for deliveringthe message. This naturallyinvolves comparisons of the language of the text with that used in conventional types of discourse.Stylisticians may also wish to characterize the style of a literary text by Systematically comparingthe language uses in that text with those in another. Halliday points out,“ The text may be this in contrast with that , with another poem or another novel; stylistics studies are essentiallycomparative in nature” (1971:341)On. thispoints, Widdowsonisof the same opinionasHalliday. He says:“ All literary appreciation is comparative, as indeed is a recognition of styles ingeneral”(1975:84). Thus, we may conclude that stylistic analysis isan activitythat is highlycomparative in nature.2. Related Information of the Speech I HAVE A DREAM and Its AuthorMartinLuther King,jr. wasborn on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia,the son ofaclergyman and the grandson of a slave. After attending several colleges he received his Ph. D. intheologyfrom Boston Universityin 1955. He led the bus boycottin Montgomery, Alabamain1955-1956. As president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, he then led civil rightsdemonstrations in many cities. In 1963 he helped organize the march on Washington, whichbrought together more than 200,000people. A leader inestablishing a nonviolent civil rightsmovement, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1964. King was assassinated in Memphis,Tennessee, in 1968, shortly before his fortieth birthday. Since then, he has become an Americanfolkhero, and on November 2, 1983,a law honoring Dr.King was signed by President Rigan,effective January 1986, making the third Monday of January a national holiday. He is the only U.S. citizen other than George Washington to be recognized in this way.In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves inthe United States. One hundred years after this decree was signed, however, the life of blacks wasstill“ sadly crippled by the manacles of seGREgation and the Chains discrimination.” On28, 1963, a quarter of million people of all races came to Washington, D. C., to show their supportfor freedom and justice for all Americans, and forblack people in particular. At thatdemonstration, Martin Luther King, jr. delivered this famous speech I HAVE A DREAM, widelyregarded as the most eloquent statement of the black people s dreams and aspirations ever made.In his speech, Dr. King told the world,“ I have a dream” that equality would come“ to all of Gchildren.