2022年考博英语-北京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 名词解释(1) Contrary to what many people think depression is not a normal part of growing older. Nor is it harder to treat in older people. But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients to accept and continue with treatment.Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression, Bruce said. But more often in older people its anhedoniatheyre not enjoying life. Theyre irritable and cranky.(2) She added: “Many older people despair over the quality of their lives at the end of life. If they have a functional disability or serious medical illness, it may make it harder to notice depression in older people.Family members, friends and medical personnel must take it seriously when an older person says Life is not worth living, I dont see any point in living, Id be better off dead or My family would be better off if I died, the experts emphasized.Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment, Brown urgeD. (3) He warned that depressed older adults tend to have fewer symptoms than younger adults who are depressed.The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place. (4) Brown recommended that older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living.He suggested social activities of any typejoining a book club or bowling league, going to a senior center or gym, taking courses at a local college, hanging out at the coffee shop.Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting or needlework or volunteering at a place of worship, school or museum.(5) Brown notes that any activity the person is capable of doing can help to ward off depression and suicidal thinking. And he urges older people to talk to others about their problems.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER【答案】1. Many people think depression is natural in the process of getting older, but this idea is wrong.2. She added: “Many older people lose their faith in the quality of lives in old age. Depression in older people can hardly be found if their certain body is not available or they get sick badly.”3. He reminded that “Symptoms on depressed older adults is fewer than those on depressed younger adults.”4.Brown suggests that older people should arrange their daily life by keeping a regular life cycle and planning activities, which offer them happiness, purpose and motive for living5. Brown indicates that any activity the person is able to do can help avoid depression and thoughts of suicide. He also suggests that older people should share the problems with others.2. 单选题（ ） sermons retained their preeminence in religious life during most of the twentieth century, they are gradually losing that central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.问题1选项A.AsB.ForC.WhileD.Although【答案】D【解析】考查逻辑知识。前半句中“sermons retained their preeminence”表示肯定意义，后半句提到“they are gradually losing that central places”，可知语气出现了转折。因此D选项符合题意。3. 单选题_，the short is in some ways not really new.问题1选项A.Like many another new thingsB.Like much other new thingsC.Like many other new thingsD.Like many another new thing【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。another“又一，另一个”，一般用来修饰或代指可数名词单数，因此排除A和D选项；much不能用来修饰可数名词，排除B选项。因此C选项符合题意。4. 单选题Traditional fairytales are being ditched by parents because they are too （ ）for their young children, a study found.问题1选项A.scarceB.scaryC.scaredD.scarred【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；scary“可怕的，恐怖的”；scared“害怕的”；scarred“伤痕累累的”。句意：一项研究发现，父母们正在摒弃传统的童话故事，因为它们太恐怖，不适合年幼的儿童。因此B选项符合题意。5. 单选题Over the years, Jimmy Connors ( ) phenomenal displays of tennis and temperament at the US Open last week, he exhibited both again.问题1选项A.has treated spectators withB.has treated spectators forC.has treated spectatorsD.has treated spectators to【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。treatwith“用招待”。句意：过去几年，Jimmy Connors曾向观众展现了他的网球球技及个性特点，在上周的美国公开赛上，他再次展现了这两点。因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题The（ ）manuscripts are still able to tell a lot about the author who charmed the world with his works several hundred years ago.问题1选项A.extendedB.intentC.extantD.distant【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。extended“延伸的”；intent“专心的；坚决的”；extant“现存的；显著的”；distant“遥远的；冷漠的”。句意：这些手稿仍然能够告诉我们许多关于这位几百年前用他的作品迷倒世界的作家的事情。由此可知“现存的手稿”更复合句意。因此C选项符合题意。7. 单选题New research suggests gossip could actually lower_and help people overcome the frustration of seeing someone doing something wrong and getting away with it.问题1选项A.pressB.blessC.cressD.stress【答案】D【解析】考查形近名词辨析。lower在句中表示动词用法，后面空格处应填名词。press “压；新闻”；ble