【名师原创】：Unit5 易混易错点辨析attack; strike/hit (袭击)【教材原句】These small animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds eggs and attacking baby birds. (教材P50)【辨析】三者都可表示 “袭击，攻击”， 但用法表达有一定区别；指“攻击、袭击”时，hit 与strike完全可以互换。attack通常指有生命的人或物之间的攻击、袭击，如，人与人之间，人与动植物之间，动植物之间等。另外，attack也可表示通过舆论，言语，文字等对人、组织、国家、团体、政策和理论等进行抨击。这些攻击或袭击往往带有一定的目的性。既可以做名词也可以做动词。温馨提示：强调心脏病的发作或袭击时，只能用attack.hit/strike 通常指意外的自然灾害的袭击，如，台风，洪水，沙尘暴，飓风，暴风雪，地震，雷电等。 【例句呈现】He has laid himself wide open to political attack. 他在政治上已经处于极易受到攻击的境地。Your father is an obvious candidate for a heart attack. 你父亲显然是容易患心脏病的人。They aimed to make the country safe from terrorist attacks. 他们力图使国家免遭恐怖分子的袭击。His research work was attacked by animal rights activists. 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。The white blood cells attack cells infected with an invader. 白细胞攻击受到感染的细胞。He was walking along the road when he was attacked by a dog. 他正在路边散步，突然遭到了一只狗的袭击。The man attacked me for no apparent reason. 那个人不知何故攻击我。The strong wind hit/struck him as he turned the corner. 在街角一拐弯处，狂风就向他袭来。The chances are a million to one against being struck/hit by lightning. 遭雷击的可能性是微乎其微的。Spain was one of countries hit/struck hardest by the hurricane. 西班牙是遭受这次飓风打击最严重的国家之一。【考点过关】用attack和hit/strike适当形式填空1. The heavy sandstorm _ a city in the west, and 50 people were seriously wounded the day before yesterday. 2. The police said the _ from elephants was an isolated incident. 3. A blast of hot air _ us as we stepped off the plane. 4. The article was a savage _ on the governments record. 5. Last year a serious flood _ the whole country.6. People who are overweight run a risk of a heart _ or stroke. 7. After being _ by another bear, the old man lifted his gun. 8. The country _ by the earthquake is Japan.9. The opposition leader _ the government by writing many articles last year. 10. A snowstorm _ all the villages in that area last month.【参考答案】1. hit/struck; 2. attack; 3. hit/struck; 4. attack; 5. hit/struck; 6. attack; 7. attacked; 8. hit/struck; 9. attacked; 10. hit/strucklead to; cause (vt)【教材原句】Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do bestthey multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. (教材P50)This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds. (教材P50)Then, in 2006, the rabbits digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins. (教材P50)【辨析】两者都有“导致，引起”的意思，在这种意思前提下，一般可以互换，但是在其它意思上有一定区别。lead to . 意思是“导致，引起；通向”，导致的后果可好可坏也可以是中性的，to 是介词，后面一般接名词。温馨提示：lead sb./sth. to do sth. 引起某人/某物做某事lead sb./sth. to/into + 地点 把某人/某物领到某地/进入某地cause 意思是“导致，引起”，一般导致的是坏的结果。也可以构成词组cause sb./sth. to do sth. 意思是“引起/导致某人或某物做某事”。温馨提示：指坏的结果时，两者可以互换；做“通向” 讲时，不可互换。【例句呈现】He has warned that the serious rifts within the country could lead to civil war. 他已经发出了警告，国家内部严重的不和可能会引发内战。Straining to lift heavy weights can lead to a rise in blood pressure. 用力提重物会导致血压升高。He agreed that these policies will lead to gridlock in the future. 他认为这些政策将来会导致僵局。Tampering with a single enzyme can lead to untoward effects elsewhere. 破坏一种酶可能会导致在别处出现异常。There are recognized black spots in marriages which can lead to trouble 婚姻中有一些公认的容易引发问题的雷区。So head northwest until you find a river which should lead to the coast. 一直向西北方向走，直到你发现一条小河，这条小河通向海岸。Repairs and improvements can lead to higher rental rates. 修缮后可以提高租价。Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building. 大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。A combination of internal and external factors caused the company to close down. 内外因结合导致了公司的倒闭。The drug may cause an aggravation of the condition. 这种药可能导致病情恶化。The disease can cause sterility in men and women. 这种疾病可能导致男女不育。Heavy snow has caused total chaos on the roads. 大雪导致道路上交通一片混乱。Anxiety can be caused by lack of sleep. 睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。Researchers are still trying to isolate the gene that causes this abnormality. 研究人员仍然在试图分离导致这种畸形的基因。【考点过关】根据lead to和cause的用法, 用其适当形式填空1. A faulty connection _ the machine to stop that day.2. If you string these experiences together, you can find a new life road will _ your future. 3. The poor harvest _ prices to rise sharply during those days.4. He still believed that honesty and industry would _ success. 5. Vitamin deficiency in the diet can _ illness.6. Excuse me, does this road _ the railway station? 7. Heavy seas can _ cancellation of ferry services. 8. There were fears that privatization would _ job losses. 9. Defeat could _ one side to escalate the conflict. 10. Abuse can _ both psychological and emotional problems. 11. Strong coffee or tea late at night may _ sleeplessness 12. A poor diet will ultimately _ illness. 13. Generally, a lack of magnesium _ muscles to go into spasm. 14. Excessive drinking can _ stomach disor