2012高考短文改错的题型特点英语短文改错是高考命题的必考题型之一，是集多项语法规则和多种语言技能于一身的综合性试题，具有题型小，灵活性大，覆盖面广，综合性强，测试层次多的特点。短文改错试题并不是单纯检测语法知识，突出的是检测考生在改错和书写的过程中，在语篇和上下文理解中运用语言知识去解决实际的语言问题。具体来说，短文改错主要检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力，以考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性。高考英语短文改错的考点涵盖知识的领会、运用、分析、综合等诸多方面，考查目标既涉及语言知识的多个方面（词法、句法、语篇结构、行文逻辑等），又涵盖理解、分析、运用和整体思维等诸方面能力。短文改错的文章内容浅显，词数为100左右，多采用记叙文文体，偶尔也有说明文和应用文。短文改错的文章中的错误主要是词语、语法、篇章结构和行文逻辑等方面的错误，这些错误往往需要在不同程度上借助语境进行判断，它不仅要求考生掌握好一定的词汇、语法知识，还要求考生具有一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理能力。综上所述，要做好短文改错题，必须明确短文改错考点提示，抓住短文改错特点，然后打开做题思路，才能巧解短文改错题。因此，掌握短文改错的特点和应对技巧，有利于帮助同学们逐步培养判断、发现、纠正语篇中语言错误的能力，在高考英语中取得高分。短文改错的设错规律1. 单词的混用这种错误是指误用了某个在形式或意义上与正确的单词相似的单词。如：(1) Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars, buses and trucks. (2) Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin. 2. 名词方面的语法错误关于辨别名词的错误应注意名词本身是可数名词还是不可数名词，同时应根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数形式来判断名词的单复数。此外，还应检查句子中的名词是否有格和名词前限定词用法等方面的错误。如：(1) We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the English Club (福建)(2) And I came to understand that was not easy to earn money, and that knowledges could change my life. (辽宁)(3) The play tells humorous stories that happen in the Greens family. (重庆)(4) and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the other books (湖北)(5) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 3. 动词用法方面的错误不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误，特别注意几组易混淆的词，如：bear(忍受) / bear(生育)；find / found (建立)；fall / fell(砍倒)；lie(躺) / lie(说谎) / lay；hang(挂) / hang(绞死)等的过去式与过去分词。非谓语动词用法的选择，特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词(取决于主语、名词中心词与宾语的关系)；在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词(取决于to是介词还是小品词)；以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式，必须与第一个动词保持一致。谓语动词时态形式的选择，是现在时还是过去时还是其他时态；情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的选择(只能用原形)。如：(1) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or also each day. (全国卷)(2)and I wonder if youll free then so we could chat about the good older days. (山东)(3)Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them. (陕西)4. 动词非谓语形式方面的错误辨别非谓语动词的常见错误时需要注意以下几点。看介词后接的是否是动名词；检查某些特定动词的后面只可接动名词的(如advise, admit, avoid, allow, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, include, mention, miss, mind, practise, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand等)是否误用了不定式；检查某些特定动词的后面只可接带to的不定式的(如ask, afford, agree, decide, demand, dare, expect, fail, happen, hope, hesitate, manage, offer, ought, plan, intend, prepare, pretend, wish, refuse, promise等)是否误用了动名词；检查某些特定词的后面只跟不带to的不定式的(如had better, would rather, rather than等)是否多加to；检查需要用动词不定式的一般式的是否误用了其完成式；检查需要用动词不定式的完成式的是否误用了其一般式；检查句子中需要用现在分词作状语的是否误用了过去分词；检查句子中需要用过去分词的是否误用了现在分词；当不定式作宾语，且后面又有宾语补足语时，检查是否漏用it作形式宾语，因为这时通常将不定式后置了；注意区分几组特别的动词的-ing形式和过去分词之间的不同，如surprising(令人吃惊的)，surprised(感到惊讶的)；interesting(令人感兴趣的)，interested(感兴趣的)；disappointing(令人失望的)，disappointed(感到失望的)；encouraging(令人鼓舞的)，encouraged(感到鼓舞的)。如：(1) Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interested. (福建)(2) I really enjoy study because Im growing old and know what I want it. (陕西)(3) My father was so pleasing that he suggested I go to England for a holiday. (全国卷I)(4) I just Want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. (天津)(5) Wed better not to miss the chance to enjoy it. (重庆)(6) and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (7) But then there are always more mysteries look into.(8) We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.(9) Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time. I got caught in the traffic. (10) Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.5. 动词语态方面的错误辨别语态的错误应该注意以下几点。检查句子是否该用被动语态；检查句子中使用的被动语态形式是否正确；检查被动语态的时态与句子中的其他时态是否相呼应，被动语态的数是否与其主语一致。如：(1) Im glad to learn that youve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life. (山东)(2) When one student does so, much larger values are destroying. (重庆)(3) and let you know when the book you want has returned and is ready for you to pickup.6. 时态时态方面的错误辨别时态错误要注意以下几点。在简单句中，看动词的时态是否与时间状语保持一致；当两个或两个以上的谓语共用一个主语时，看其时态是否保持一致；看由并列连词连接的两个句子其时态是否保持一致；看主语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句的时态是否与主句的时态保持一致；当定语从句和状语从句谓语表示的动作与主句的动作同时发生时，是否使用了相同的时态。此外，需要注意的是，当遇到宾语从句和间接引语时，如果其主句使用了过去时， 则在从句中也必须使用过去时，但是如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实和真理时，则一般用一般现在时。如：(1) When they came here, I will show them around my university and the city just as well. (2) Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (3)They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a goodtime talking and laughing together.(4) I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away. And it is really great to see most of my old friends again. 7. 介词方面的错误介词的错误应该注意以下几点。检查介词的使用无有误用的现象；检查句中有无遗漏介词，尤其要注意作定语用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介词；检查句子中有无多余的介词；检查句子中介词与动词、名词、形容词、副词等的搭配是否正确。如：(1) There are so many places I want to take you to after I finish my work like a volunteer. (福建) (2) If the book you want is out, you may ask it to be kept for you. (安徽)(3) Her strength made me stronger and gave to me courage to try t