2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month will be （ ）to have withdrawn from the program.问题1选项A.contemplatedB.deemedC.acknowledgedD.anticipated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析题。contemplate “沉思，注视”；deem “认为，视作”；acknowledge “承认”；anticipate “预期，期望”；句意：到本月底还没有交纳注册费的人将被视为已取消该课程。B项符合句意，答案B2. 单选题The use of sound is widespread as （ ）of animal communicate on.问题1选项A.a meansB.waysC.a toolD.signals【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。a means方法，手段；ways方法，道路，方向； a tool工具； signal信号，标志。句意：声音被广泛地用作动物交流的手段。由is 单数可直接排除B项与D项；声音应该是动物交流的一种手段而不是工具。答案A3. 单选题The author of the report is well （ ）with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.问题1选项A.acquaintedB.informedC.enlightenedD.advised【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。acquaint “使熟悉；使认识”，常与with连用；inform “通知，报告”，常用搭配be informed of ；enlighten“启蒙、教导”；advise“建议，劝告”。句意：这篇报道的作者非常了解医院的问题，因为他在这家医院已经工作很多年了。A项符合题意，答案A4. 单选题A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources- and labor supply-all these were important （1）in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. But they were not enough. Something（2） was needed to start the industrial process. Thatsomething special was men（3） individuals who could invent machines, find new sources of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.The men who（4） the machines of the Industrial-Revolution came from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were（5） inventors than scientist. A man who is a（6） scientist is primarily interested in doing his research accurately. He is not necessarily working so that his findings can be used.An inventor or one interested in applied science is（7） trying to make something that has a concrete use. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories of science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a（8） result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of many other objectives.Most of the people who（9） the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training in science might not have made their inventions（10） a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years before.问题1选项A.reasonsB.factorsC.situationsD.cases问题2选项A.similarB.elseC.nearD.extra问题3选项A.generatingB.effectiveC.motivatingD.creative问题4选项A.employedB.createdC.operatedD.controlled问题5选项A.lessB.betterC.moreD.worse问题6选项A.genuineB.practicalC.pureD.clever问题7选项A.seldomB.usuallyC.sometimesD.never问题8选项A.singleB.specializedC.specificD.sole问题9选项A.proposedB.developedC.suppliedD.offered问题10选项A.becauseB.whileC.ifD.as【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C第6题:C第7题:B第8题:C第9题:B第10题:C【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。reason 和factor 放在这里都符合逻辑，由空格后面的介词in，可知应选factor 。reason一般接 for或者why引导的从句。故答案B第2题:考查形容词辨析。此句句意为还需要一些其他的东西，something else其他的东西，答案B第3题:考查形容词辨析。根据空后的“invent machines”可知此空应填“具有创造力的”，generating 产生的；effective 有效的； motivating 激发的；creative 创造性的。第4题:考查动词辨析。句意：在工业革命中发明这些机器的人。故答案B第5题:考查固定搭配。句意：发明机器的人大部分是发明家，而不是科学家。 morethan是而不是 答案C第6题:考查形容词辨析。根据“primarily interested in doing his research accurately. He is not necessarily working so that his findings can be used.主要对自己的研究感兴趣。他不一定是为了利用他的研究成果而工作。”可推知这种科学家是纯粹的科学家。genuine 真正的，真实的； practical 实际的；pure纯粹的；clever 聪明的。答案C第7题:考查副词辨析。根据下文意思可知，usually符合句意。答案B第8题:考查形容词辨析。句意：“不管什么方法，他工作目的是获得特定的某种结果。”由空格后的举例可知他是为了获得某种特定的结果而工作。答案C第9题:考查动词辨析。 句意：工业革命时发明了这些机器的人大都是发明家而非科学家。答案B第10题:考查连词辨析。 句意：即使是那些没有受过科学专业训练的人，如果没有之前科学家们做出的基础工作，他们也不可能发明这些东西。所以应填if。答案C5. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured （ ）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can provide.问题1选项A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard toD.by means of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。in line with “与一致”；in terms of “根据，按照”；in regard to “关于，对于”； by means of “凭借”。句意：一个国家的富有程度，应根据国家能提供的商品以及国民的健康和幸福来衡量。由be measured可知B项符合句意。答案B6. 单选题Charles has not the least （ ）of giving up his research.问题1选项A.ideaB.intentionC.mindD.desire【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。idea “主意”；intention“意图，意向”；mind “想法，感觉”；desire “愿望，欲望”。句意：查尔斯丝毫没有打算放弃他的研究的意向。答案B7. 单选题The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage （ ）upon the world by the war.问题1选项A.imposedB.impressedC.compelledD.compressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。 impose“把 强加于”； impress“给予印象”； compel“强迫，迫使”；compress “压缩”。句意：当然，最终的文件应该去修复战争强加给世界的损害。impose upon“强加给” 为固定搭配