2022年考博英语-北京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题At first, the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision was _revised.问题1选项A.subsequentlyB.successivelyC.predominantlyD.preliminarily【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。subsequently“随后”；successively“相继地”；predominantly“主要地；显著地”；preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，该公司拒绝购买设备，但这一决定被修改了。根据句意选用“后来”更合适，因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题Apple pie is（ ）neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.问题1选项A.at itselfB.as itselfC.on itselfD.in itself【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。四个选项中只有“in itself 本质上”是固定短语，因此D选项符合题意。句意：从本质上来看，苹果派既不好也不坏;它的使用方式决定了它的价值。3. 单选题The contribution genes make to intelligence increases as children grow older. This goes against thenotion that most people hold that as we age，environmental influences gradually overpower the geneticlegacy we are bom with and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influencegoes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,”says RobertPlomin. “What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.”Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomins team pooled data from six separate studies carried out in the US, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetics to measure a quantity called general cognitive ability, or “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same genes, and fraternal twins, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to distinguish the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.Plomins team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation inintelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent； by young adolescence, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children getolder，they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic needs,and says “ Kids with high G will use their environment to foster their cognitive ability and choose friendswho are like-minded. ” Children with medium to low G may choose less challenging pastimes andactivities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability doesntmean at all that there is nothing you can do about it，” says Susanne Jaeggi，“From our own work, theones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training. Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being tailored to childrens natural abilities. “My inclination would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to steer kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.”1.What is the common notion that people hold about genes?2.The study by Plomins team aims to find out ( )3.From the experiment with twins, Plomins team draws a conclusion that( ) .4.The word “pattern” in paragraph four is closest in meaning to( ) .5.Which of the following might Plomins team least agree to?问题1选项A.Humans can do little to change the genetic differences between people.B.Genetic influence becomes stronger when people receive education.C.Genes contribute more to ones intelligence than environmental factors.D.Environmental factors lessen the influence of genes on ones intelligence.问题2选项A.whether variations in intelligence are caused by genetic differencesB.how to overpower genetic factors with new educational approachesC.whether genetic contribution to ones intelligence varies with ageD.the relationship between environment and genes问题3选项A.genetic contribution increases when one grows olderB.genetic influence decreases when age increasesC.environment has more impact on fraternal twins than identical twinsD.it remains a mystery how genes and environment co-influence people问题4选项A.cognitive abilityB.strong heritabilityC.genetic legacyD.challenging pastimes问题5选项A.An identical curriculum to school children.B.A differentiated course design to children with varied IQ.C.More effort directed at children with medium or low G.D.Education tailored to childrens natural abilities.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节题。题干：人们对基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“as we age，environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are bom with and may have implications for education”可知大多数人认为，随着年龄增长，“env