2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题While it has gradually been integrated into the global supply chain, Chinas manufacturing sector has had to confront enormous challenges. In terms of capacity for scientific and technological innovation, China ranks 28th out of 49 major countries around the globe. With that ranking China is not only behind the developed world, but also behind Brazil, India and some other developing countries. In recent years, with growing amounts of direct foreign investment and the advent of globalization, multinationals have quickened the pace of technology transfers, affording the country an opportunity to learn the latest technologies.【答案】虽然中国已经逐渐进入全球供应链，但其制造业不得不面对巨大的挑战。就科技创新能力而言，中国在全球49个主要国家中排名第28位。按照这样的排名，中国不仅落后于发达国家，而且落后于巴西、印度和其他一些发展中国家。近年来，随着外商直接投资的增加和全球化的到来，跨国公司加快了技术转让步伐，为中国提供了学习最新技术的机会。2. 单选题（ ） the precise qualities of the hero in literary works may vary over time, basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.问题1选项A.WhateverB.In spite ofC.Even thoughD.Regardless【答案】C【解析】考查让步状语从句。分析句子，可知逗号后面的为主句，逗号前面的从句主谓完整，缺少一个连接副词连接句子，whatever在句中可作主语与宾语，从句中的谓语动词may vary后面不需要接宾语了，因此用Even though。in spite of后面接的是名词或者动名词，不跟从句；regardless后面不接句子。句意：尽管文学作品中主人公的精湛品质可能随着时间的推移而变化，但英雄的基本模范作用似乎保持不变。3. 单选题With many ethnic groups represented, the student union is very （ ）.问题1选项A.homogeneousB.heterodoxC.heterogeneousD.heterogeneousness【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。homogeneous意为“同性质的，同类的”；heterodox意为“异端的，非正统的”；heterogeneous意为“由很多种类组成的，各种各样的”；heterogeneousness意为“异质的”。句意：学生会由不同成员组成，代表了很多民族团体。4. 单选题The use of natural gas to generate electricityfar from perfectly clean but less carbon- （ ）than coal usehas jumped 25 percent since 2008.问题1选项A.inclusiveB.extensiveC.intensiveD.exclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。inclusive意为“包括的，包罗广泛的”；extensive意为“广阔的，广大的”；intensive意为“密集的，加强的”；exclusive意为“专有的，排外的”。句意：自2008年以来，使用天然气发电远没有完全清洁，但碳密集型比煤炭的使用要少已经上涨了25%。5. 单选题The archaeologist（ ）that the vase was 1500 years old.问题1选项A.upheldB.estimatedC.sustainedD.unitized【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。upheld意为“支持”；estimate意为“估计，预测”；sustain意为“维持”；unitize意为“统一（化），组成”。句意：考古学家估计这个花瓶有1500年历史了。6. 单选题Women bosses are viewed as less qualified and capable than their male （ ）according to a study.问题1选项A.equivalentsB.counterpartsC.peersD.substitutes【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“同等物”；counterpart意为“职位(或作用)相当的人”；peer意为“同龄人”；substitute意为“替代物”。句意：根据一项研究，女性老板被认为不如男性老板合格、有能力。7. 单选题If a girls eyes （ ）when she looks at you, it means she is interested in you.问题1选项A.glitterB.sparkleC.flashD.flicker【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。glitter意为“闪烁，闪现(某种强烈情感)”；sparkle意为“闪耀，闪烁”；flash意为“使闪光，使闪烁”，带有“兴奋、喜悦、高兴之色”，指快速地发出强光；flicker意为“闪烁”，指闪出不太强的光。句意：如果一个女孩看着你，她的眼睛放光，意思是她对你感兴趣。8. 单选题（ ）he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.问题1选项A.Much thoughB.Much asC.As muchD.Though much【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。as可以引导原因状语从句，though不能引导原因状语从句。as引导原因状语的时候进行倒装，much是用来修饰want的程度副词句意：因为周末他很想跟他的朋友出去玩，所以他不得不留下来完成作业。9. 单选题The real friend is the one who comes to the （ ）in your hour of need; who is there with comfort in adversity and who shares with you his own success.问题1选项A.attentionB.stageC.pointD.rescue【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。attention意为“注意”；stage意为“阶段”；point意为“论点，观点”；rescue意为“救援，营救”。句意：真正的朋友是在你需要的时候来帮助你，在逆境中给你安慰，与你分享他成功的人。10. 单选题Nanotechnology seems to hold the key that allows construction and building materials to（ ）the features of natural systems improved until perfection during millions of years.问题1选项A.replicateB.copycatC.pirateD.borrow【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。replicate意为“复制，再生”；copycat意为“盲目模仿者”；pirate意为“盗窃”；borrow意为“借用”。句意：纳米技术似乎掌握着关键，使建筑和建筑材料能够复制自然系统的特征，在数百万年中不断改善直到完美。11. 单选题Becoming disabled by an accident is one of the most serious（ ）that all drivers face.问题1选项A.shortcomingsB.faultsC.mistakesD.hazards【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。shortcoming意为“短处，缺点”；fault意为“缺点，缺陷”；mistake意为“错误，过失”；hazard意为“危险，危害，事故”。句意：车祸致残是所有司机面临的最大威胁之一。12. 单选题Trying military wrongdoers may annoy the armed forces, and （ ）a fresh conflict.问题1选项A.proliferateB.provokeC.nurtureD.proclaim【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。proliferate意为“激增，猛增”；provoke意为“激起，挑起”；nurture意为“养育”；proclaim意为“宣告，公布”。句意：尝试军事犯罪的不法分子可能会打乱军事力量，从而激起新的矛盾。13. 单选题Which of the following sentences expresses probability?问题1选项A.You must leave immediately.B.You must be feeling rather tired.C.You must be here by eight oclock.D.You must complete reading assignment on time.【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。题干：下面哪个句子表达“可能性”？must作情态动词，可以表示命令或推测。B选项表示推测，其他选项表示命令。14. 单选题The government gave a very（ ）explanation o