2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题She went into a deep _ after taking an overdose of sleeping pills.问题1选项A.unbalanceB.unbeliefC.comaD.uncertainty【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. unbalance 不平衡 B. unbelief 疑惑C. coma 昏迷 D. uncertainty 不确定性【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】根据后文“服用了过量的安眠药后”可知，空格处所填词是服用过量安眠药带来的后果，C选项coma“昏迷”符合语义。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑。【句意】她服用了过量的安眠药后陷入了深度昏迷之中。2. 单选题You have to pay a(n) premium for express delivery.问题1选项A.extra tipB.extra bonusC.extra chargeD.extra price【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. extra tip 额外的小费 B. extra bonus 额外的奖励C. extra charge 额外费用 D. extra price 额外价格【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】原句的意思是如果要寄特快专递的话，就要收取额外的费用，原词premium“附加费”，C选项extra charge“额外的服务费”符合该语境。【干扰项排除】A选项extra tip“额外的小费”，小费一般是给服务员的，如餐厅服务员或者理发师，为了感谢他们的服务；B选项extra bonus“额外的奖励”，原句是要收费，而不是给奖励；D选项extra price“额外价格”，侧重于指溢价，比如快递费本来是8元，但是由于疫情，快递小哥少，寄快递涨价了（假设），要10元，中间涨的2元就属于extra price“额外价格”。【句意】寄特快专递的话，你得付额外费用。3. 单选题Up to this point there has been solid evidence that certain pathological mental states, like depression, are linked with a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular death, but the relationship between normal personality traits likes optimism and health have not been as thoroughly studied. Dr. Giltay carefully controlled the base line risk factors like blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking and alcohol consumption in his study. Even after controlling for these confounding variables, there was still a significant excess of mortality in the pessimists compared with the optimists. And when he factored in the subjects own perception of their healthoptimists, not surprisingly, report feeling betterpessimists still had higher morbidity and mortality.What about the possibility that some of the pessimistic subjects were simply suffering from undiagnosed depression? After all, depression is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Dr. Giltay conceded that the subjects were not psychiatrically screened for depression or any other mental disorder, so this is a possibility. But he said depression was unlikely to explain the correlation between pessimism and mortality. Perhaps, but we know that depression exists, too, on a spectrum. Mild chronic depressive states like dysthymia could easily masquerade as everyday pessimism, so this study cannot rule out mild depression as a contributor to excess mortality in the pessimistic subjects. Still, assuming that these findings are replicated and optimism does indeed confer a survival advantage, how mechanism could explain it?One possibility is that optimists may simply cope better with adversity than pessimists do and engage in behaviors that are more likely to promote health. It is well known, for example, that optimism is strongly associated with seeking social support and coping better with stress. There might even be biological differences between optimistic and pessimistic people that give optimists an edge. This is not so far-fetched if you consider that depression is associated with alterations in many neurotransmitters and hormones, which can adversely affect physical health. At this point, pessimism in the absence of clinical depression is not considered a disease or a risk factor for developing one. But if these data are replicated, perhaps it should be. If thats the case, then trials of optimism-enhancing treatments, including psychotherapies and probably antidepressants, wont be far behind. After all, there is already preliminary evidence that serotonin-enhancing antidepressants can alter normal personality traits like sociability, even in people without depression.But even if pessimism could be “treated”, would that guarantee a longer life? Judging from recent research in depression, it may be no slam-dunk. Efforts to decrease heart disease and mortality by treating depression have been disappointing. Two large randomized trials involving depressed heart-attack patients found no survival benefit in treating them with either cognitive behavior therapy or serotonin-enhancing antidepressants, though their depression did improve. In the end, pessimists have enough to fret about without worrying that their own temperament will doom them to a short life. If pessimists should worry about anything, though, it is that they may have an undiagnosedand treatabledepression.21. We can convincingly infer from the first paragraph that _.22. Comparing pessimists with optimists, which of the following statements is NOT true?23. The optimism-enhancing treatments can _.24. According to the last paragraph, we can conclude that _.25. The passage mainly wants to tell us that _.问题1选项A.normal personality guarantees good healthB.pessimism constitutes a fatal threat for healthC.the relationship between pessimism and death is being investigatedD.pessimism results in mortality问题2选项A.Optimists have better perception of thei