2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题“Museum” is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Platos Academy and Aristotles Lyceum had a mouseion. a muses shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many templesnotably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit)-had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters. While paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant Muses shrine.The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasterieswhich focused on the goldenshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, mid later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gemsoften antique engraved onesas well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, but “site-specific”, and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them-and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early “inspirational” collections. Soon they multiplied, and gradually, exemplary modem” works were also added to such galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding tool off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-1nsel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Ktmsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of improving collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.1.The sentence Museum is a slippery word in the first paragraph means that（ ）.2.The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from（ ）.3.the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined in the third paragraph means that（ ）.4.Paintings and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were（ ）.5.Modern museums come into existence in order to（ ）.6.Which is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.the meaning of the word didnt change until after the 15th centuryB.the meaning of the word had changed over the yearsC.the Greeks held different concepts from the RomansD.princes and merchants added paintings to their collections问题2选项A.the RomansB.FlorenceC.OlympiaD.Greek问题3选项A.there was a great demand for fakersB.fakers grew rapidly in numberC.fakers became more skillfulD.fakers became more polite问题4选项A.collected from elsewhereB.made part of the buildingsC.donated by peopleD.bought by churches问题5选项A.protect royal and church treasuresB.improve existing collectionsC.stimulate public interestD.raise more funds问题6选项A.Collection and collectorsB.The evolution of museumsC.Modem museums and their functionsD.The birth of museums【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B【解析】1.判断推理题