2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题（1）如果从狭义上去理解“进步”和“人类的状况”，则人们可以甚为合理地说，人类在过去的一个世纪中几乎没有取得任何的进步。（2）全球数以百万计的人仍生活在贫困之中，艾滋病正在夺走无数人的生命，而治愈方法遥遥无期。（3）战争和暴力在中东、非洲以及阿富汗持续不断。（4）然而，持此狭隘的观点，则有可能使人无视人类在过去一百年中已取得的显而易见的巨大进步。（5）随着人类继续迈进21世纪，较为可取的做法应该是全面认识人类在过去100年中已经取得的成就，并展望人类在下一个世纪中可能取得的进步，而不是对人类今日显著改善的生存状况视而不见。【答案】1. If we understand “progress” and “the human condition” in a narrow sense, it is quite reasonable to say that mankind has made almost no progress in the past century.2. Millions of people around the world still live in poverty and AIDS is killing millions with no cure in sight.3. War and violence continue in the Middle East, Africa and Afghanistan.4. However, with such a narrow view, one would ignore the remarkable and huge progress that humanity has made in the past hundred years.5. As humanity continues to move into the 21st century, it would be preferable to take a comprehensive view of what has been achieved in the past 100 years and look forward to the progress that is likely to be made in the next century, rather than turning a blind eye to the remarkable improvement in human conditions today.2. 单选题Contrary to the suggestion made last week by Eliot Spitzer, the New York State attorney General, long-term mutual fund investors are not significantly worse off because of short-term trading by marker timers. But trading in foreign stock mutual funds constitutes a major exception to this general rule.Spitzers comments came on Wednesday, when he said that some fund companies had allowed favored clients to buy or sell their funds after the stock market close. Not only would this be illegal, but it would also violate investors trust that mutual, funds put the individual and institutional investors on an equal footing.Mr. Spitzer announced that he had reached a $40 million settlement with Edward J. Stem and his hedge fund, Canary Capital Partners, which did not admit wrongdoing. The attorney general said further investigations of the mutual fund industry were under way.He did not allege that market timing frequent switching between funds and cash, generally to sidestep market declines was itself illegal. But he hinted that because market timing sometimes had a detrimental effect on long term fund investors, funds might have violated their fiduciary responsibilities to shareholders by allowing it.It is easy to understand how this may be so. The large cash flows that result from market timers frequent trading can lead to significant transaction costs, which are borne by all shareholders, not just by the traders themselves.This is why, according to Jeffrey C. Keil, a vice president at Lipper Inc. almost all funds include language in their prospectuses reserving the right to reject share purchase from investors deemed to be market timers. In practice, however, according to Keil, few funds actually prohibit someone from investing in them, though many impose fees that discourage short-term trading.One reason that few funds completely close the door to market timers may be that the costs imposed by market timers in most cases are insignificant. According to William N. Goetzmann, a finance professor at Yale, dealing with the inflows and redemptions induced by market timers is little more than a “minor cash-management problem” for most fund managers.Professor Goetzmann, points to the performance of index funds. Even though they are used heavily by market timers, their returns are typically close to those of the market averages that are their benchmarks. He contends that this would not be the case if market timers were causing a significant diminution in fund returns.But market timing does have adverse consequences for long-term shareholders of foreign stock funds. Consider a fund based in the United States that invests in Japanese stocks. Because Japans stock market will have been closed for hours when this fund calculates the value of its net assets at 4 p.m. in New York, its share price will not reflect any news from the last several hours.Market timers can use this stale pricing to make an easy profit without having to get help from a mutual fund to trade after the market close in New York. Traders can buy foreign funds immediately before the close on any day the stock market in the United States has risen strongly, and sell whenever the market has sharply declined.If you are a long-term investor in foreign stock funds, your best defense against such market timers is to invest in a fund that discourages short-term trades. Funds that rely on redemption fees are preferable to those that use back-end loads. Back-end loans are paid to the funds sales representatives, while a redemption fee is typically paid back into the fund itself to reimburse shareholders for the costs of the trade.1. From the sentence “Contrary to the suggestion” we know Spitzer predicted that long-term mutual fund investors _.2. Spitzer suggested that allowing market timing was _