2017年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文(2017-11-0820:05:12)转载标签：英语翻译英语学习2017年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文ECPassage1Youvetemporarilymisplacedyourcellphoneandanxiouslyretraceyourstepstotrytofindit.Orperhapsyouneverletgoofyourphoneitsalwaysinyourhand,yourpocket,oryourbag,readytobeansweredorconsultedatamomentsnotice.Whenyourbatteryliferunsdownattheendoftheday,youfeelthatyoursisrunninglowaswell.Newresearchshowsthattheresapsychologicalreasonforsuchextremephonedependence:Accordingtotheattachmenttheory,forsomeofus,ourphoneservesthesamefunctionastheteddybearweclungtoinchildhood.你有过这种经历吗？手机一时放错了地方，忘了在哪，急急忙忙返回寻找；手机从不离身，总是握在手里，揣在兜里或者放在包里，时刻准备回复消息，查找内容。一整天过去了，一旦发现手机没电，简直觉得自己也要没电了。最新研究揭示了极端“手机依赖症”背后的心理动因：根据依恋理论，手机简直成了我们大多数人小时候恋恋不舍的泰迪熊。Attachmenttheoryproposesthatourearlylifeexperienceswithparentsresponsibleforourwell-being,areattherootofourconnectionstotheadultswithwhomweformcloserelationships.Importantly,attachmentinearlylifecanextendtoinanimateobjects.Teddybears,forexample,serveas“transitionalobjects.”Theteddybear,unliketheparent,isalwaysthere.Weextendourdependenceonparentstotheseanimals,andusethemtohelpusmovetoanindependentsenseofself.依恋理论认为，儿童自幼是否在父母的呵护下健康成长，这种相处体验构成了其日后与其他成年人建立亲密关系的基础。更为重要的是，幼年的依恋心理，还可能转移到物体上去，泰迪熊就是一个典型例子。泰迪熊与父母的区别在于，它会一直在陪你身边。儿童把对父母的依赖心理延伸到毛绒玩具身上，由此建立起自我独立意识。Acellphonehasthepotentialtobea“compensatoryattachment”object.Althoughphonesareoftencastigatedfortheiraddictivepotential,scientistsciteevidencethatsupportstheideathat“healthy,normaladultsalsoreportsignificantemotionalattachmenttospecialobjects”手机也可能成为这种“依恋替代品”。尽管手机经常因为致人上瘾而备受诟病，科学家还是援引了相关证据来支持这样一种观点：“身心健康的正常成年人也会对特殊物品产生强烈的情感依恋”。Indeed,cellphoneshavebecomeapervasivefeatureofourlives:Thenumberofcellphonesubscriptionsexceedsthetotalpopulationoftheplanet.TheaverageamountofmobileorsmartphoneuseintheU.S.is3.3hoursperday.Phoneshavedistinctadvantages.Theycanbekeptbyyoursideandtheyprovideasocialconnectiontothepeopleyoucareabout.Evenifyourenottalkingtoyourfriends,lover,orfamily,youcankeeptheirphotoscloseby,readtheirmessages,andfollowthemonsocialmedia.Youcantracktheminrealtimebutalsolookbackonmemorablemomentstogether.Thesechannelshelpyou“feellessalone”.毫无疑问，手机在生活中无处不在：全球手机用户数量已超过全球总人口。美国人平均每天使用移动电话或智能手机的时间为3.3小时。手机的优点显而易见：可以随身携带，还能方便与自己关心的人保持联系。就算无法与朋友、恋人、家人直接通话，至少手机里的照片、短信能让你觉得他们近在咫尺。你也可以关注他们的社交媒体账号，不仅能实时了解其状态，还能回顾过去与之相处的难忘瞬间。所有这些，都足以让你“不那么孤单”。ECPassage2Manycountrieshaveadoptedtheprincipleofsustainabledevelopmentitcancombatenvironmentdeteriorationinairquality,waterqualityandproductionindevelopingcountries.Healtheducationservesasaviableroleforeverymemberintheworld.Butsomearguethatitsavagueidea,someorganizationsmayuseitinitsowninterests,whetherenvironmentaloreconomicisthenatureofinterests.Othersarguethatsustainabledevelopmentindevelopingcountriesoverlookthelocalcustoms,habitudeandpeople.为应对广大发展中国家所面临的环境恶化问题，保障空气质量、水质和生产安全，许多国家纷纷制定可持续发展战略。实践证明，卫生教育对推动世界各国的发展具有切实可行性。但有人认为，可持续发展的概念不够明晰，沦为部分组织谋取自身利益的工具，置环境或经济负面效应于不顾。还有人认为，发展中国家在实施可持续发展战略过程中，时常忽略民风、民俗和民生问题。Whereasinterdependenceisdesirableduringtimesofpeace,warnecessitatescompetitionandindependence.Tariffsandimportationlimitsstrengthenacountryseconomicvitalitywhilepotentiallyweakeningtheeconomiesofitsenemies.Moreover,protectionismintheweaponsindustryishighlydesirableduringsuchcircumstancesbecauserelianceonanotherstateforarmamentscanbefatal.在和平年代，各国之间相互依存、共谋发展，战争时期，各国又相互竞争，追求独立。关税和进口限制政策有助于增强本国经济活力，同时削弱敌国的经济增长潜力。再者，战争时期，武器制造行业采取保护主义，可避免对外过度依赖，保护本国免遭受致命打击。Forthemostpart,economistsemphasizethenegativeeffectsofprotectionism.Itreducesinternationaltradeandraisespricesforconsumers.Inaddition,domesticfirmsthatreceiveprotectionhavelessincentivetoinnovate.Althoughfreetradeputsuncompetitivefirmsoutofbusiness,thedisplacedworkersandresourcesareultimatelyallocatedtootherareasoftheeconomy.经济学家多半强调保护主义的负面效应，认为保护主义不仅削弱了国际贸易，还抬升了消费价格。不仅如此，在贸易保护伞下受到恩荫的本土企业往往因此丧失了创新动力。在自由贸易的浪潮下，尽管缺乏竞争力的公司多以破产收场，但因此失业的工人和闲置的资源，依然可以在其他经济领域找到用武之地。Imposingquotasisamethodusedtoprotecttrade,sinceforeigncompaniescannotshipmoreproductsregardlessofhowlowtheysettheirprices.Countriesthathopetohelpanewindustrythrivelocallyoftenimposequotasonimportedgoods.Theybelievethatsuchrestrictionsallowentitiesinthenewindustrytodeveloptheirowncompetitiveadvantagesandproducetheproductsefficiently.设定限额是贸易保护方式的一种，在此情况下，不论商品定价多低，国外企业得以进驻市场的产品数量始终有限。各国通常会对进口产品采取限额政策，以推动本国新兴产业的发展。经济学家认为，此类限制政策有助于新兴产业实体充分提升自身竞争力及商品生产效率。Protectionismspurposeisusuallytocreatejobsfordomesticworkers.Companiesthatoperateinindustriesprotectedbyquotashireworkerslocally.Anotherdisadvantageofquotasisthereductioninthequalityofproductsintheabsenceofcompetitionfromforeigncompanies.Withoutcompetition,localfirmsarelesslikelytoinvestininnovationandimprovetheirproductsandservices.Domesticsellersdonthaveanincentivetoenhanceefficiencyandlowertheirprices,andundersuchconditions,consumerseventuallypaymoreforproductsandservicestheycouldreceivefromforeigncompetitors.Aslocalcompanieslosecompetitiveness,theybecomepressuredtooutsourcejobs.Inthelong-run,increasingprotectionismcommonlyleadst