-Chapter III The Romantic Period一 考核知识点1 浪漫主义时期概述1 浪漫主义时期英国社会的政治，经济，文化背景2 浪漫主义文学创作的根本主 3 英国浪漫主义文学的特色4 浪漫主义文学对同时代及后世英国文学的影响2 浪漫主义时期主要作家的文学创作思想及其代表作品的主题构造，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法及社会意义等。二 考核要求1 浪漫主义时期概述1识记：a.浪漫主义时期的界定b.历史文化背景2) 领会：a.浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响。b.浪漫主义文学创作的根本主及对后世文学的影响。3) 应用：a.名词解释：浪漫主义b.浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析 2 该时期的重要作家2 领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题构造，人物塑造，语言风格，社会意义等。3 应用：a.浪漫派诗歌所选作品的主题，意象分析b.小说傲慢与偏见的主题和主要人物的性格分析。. z.-1. 一般识记English RomanticismEnglish Romanticismis generally said to have began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges Lyrical Balladsand to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death and thepassage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.2. 识记 Historical and Cultural backgroundDuring this period, England had e*perienced profound economic and social change. The biggest social change in English history was the transfer of large number of the population from the countryside to the towns. As a result of the Enclosures圈地运动and the agricultural mechanization农业机械化, the peasants were driven of their land,it caused large-scale workers disturbances in England.3 领会1 Influences of the Romantic Movement Romanticism constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. In essence it designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the center of all life and all e*perience. It also places the individual at the center of art, making literature most valuable as an e*pression of mans unique feelings and particular attitudes and in describing the individuals e*periences.(2) The Romantic views about literaturea. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution.b. The Romantic period is also a great age of prose. The two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott.c. Besides poetry and prose, some writers have tried to writepoetic dramas in this period.4 应用(1) Literary Termsa. The Romantic Movement It e*pressed a more or less negative attitude towards the e*isting social and political conditions that came with industrializationand the growing importance of the bourgeoisie. The Romantics felt that the e*isting societydenied people their essential human needs, so they get rid of the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers.The Romantics saw man essentially as an free and independent individual and emphasized the special qualities of each individuals mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to .(接上浪漫主义运动的影响)b. The Gothic novelIt is a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century and was one phase of the Romantic movement, its principal elements are violence, horrorand the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the readers emotion. With its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human nature, the Gothic form has a great influence to the writer of the Romantic period. Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance. (2) Characteristics of Romantic literature in English history.The Romantic period is an age of poetry. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth and Coleridge were the major representatives of this movement. They e*plored new theories andinnovated new techniques in poetry writing. They saw poetry as a healing energy which could purify both individual souls and the society. The Romantics not only praise the imagination, but also stress the concept ofspontaneityand inspiration, regarding them as something important for true poetry. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.Wordsworth is the closest to nature.To escape from a rational world that had became materialistic and ugly, the Romantics would turn to other times and places, where the qualities they valued could be convincingly depicted. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets and dramatists of their own national against the advocates of classical rules who tended to glorify Rome,Italian and French neoclassical art. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules. Romantic writers are always seeking for the absolute andideal through the transcendence of the actual.They have also made bold e*periments in poetic language, versificationand design, andconstructed a variety of forms on original principles of structure and style.I. William BlakeEnglish poet ,artist and philosopher, 1757-1827. Blake is the earliest major E