考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920s and 1930s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters, replaced the microbe hunters.In the 1940s and 1950s，biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage.You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genesthe blueprints for each of the enzymesand are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseasesdiabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry.In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain. What to call them? The head hunters. I will return to them later.1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. How do vitamins influence health?3. Which of the following best describes the authors tone in the last paragraph of the passage?4. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?问题1选项A.The microbe hunters.B.The potential of genetic engineering.C.The progress of modern medical research.D.The discovery of enzymes.问题2选项A.They are necessary for some enzymes to function.B.They protect the body from microbes.C.They keep food from spoiling.D.They are broken down by cells to produce energy.问题3选项A.Critical.B.Speculative.C.Appreciative.D.Emotional.问题4选项A.The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades.B.Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck.C.Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe hunters.D.Most diseases are caused by defective genes.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】What is the main topic of the passage? 这篇文章的主题是什么？A. The microbe hunters. A. 微生物猎人。B. The potential of genetic engineering. B. 基因工程的潜力。C. The progress of modern medical research.C. 现代医学研究的进展。D. The discovery of enzymes. D. 酶的发现。【答案】C【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章第一段提出为了探究一些可怕疾病的成因，二十世纪二十年代前，医学研究的焦点是微生物（dominated by the microbe hunters），到20年代和30年代，变成维生素（vitamin hunters, replaced the microbe hunters）；第二段提出，在40年代和50年代，酶成了研究重点（enzyme hunters occupied center stage）；第三段提出焦点变成了基因（gene hunters）；最后一段提出基因也会被取代（the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight）。综上所述，作者根据时间顺序，介绍了在不同时间段，现代医学研究的进程，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“微生物猎人”，B选项“基因工程的潜力”和D选项“酶的发现”：是文章部分内容，不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全。第2题:【选项释义】How do vitamins influence health? 维生素如何影响健康？A. They are necessary for some enzymes to function. A. 它们是某些酶发挥作用所必需的。B. They protect the body from microbes. B. 他们保护身体免受微生物的侵害。C. They keep food from spoiling. C. 它们防止食物变质。D. They are broken down by cells to produce energy. D. 它们被细胞分解产生能量。【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词vitamins influence health定位到第二段第一句，该处讲到“生物化学家努力研究为什么每种维生素对健康都必不可少（vitamins was essential for health）”，结合下一句“新陈代谢中关键酶（key enzymes）依赖于某种维生素（vitamins）作为辅酶进行化学反应（as coenzymes to perform the chemistry）”，可知有的酶发挥作用需要维生素的配合，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“他们保护身体免受微生物的侵害”：文中没有提到微生物侵害身体的情况，属于无中生有；C选项“它们防止食物变质”：文中没有提到食物变质的问题，属于无中生有；D选项“它们被细胞分解产生能量”：对应第二段第二句“关键酶（key enzymes）执行化学反应，为细胞的生长和发挥功能提供能量（provides cells with energy）。”，可知这里讲的是酶，而不是维生素，属于张冠李戴。第3题:【选项释义】Which of the following best describes the authors tone in the last paragraph of the passage? 以下哪个选项对作者在文章最后一段的语气描述最恰当？A. Critical. A. 批判性的。B. Speculative. B. 猜测的。C. Appreciative. C. 感激的。D. Emotional. D. 情绪激动的。【答案】B【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】根据题干中出处提示词定位到第四段，该段用了大量问句，结合第一句“我们可以预期（we can expect）”以及第四句“我想知道（I wonder）”，可知在最后一段，作者表达了自己的各种疑问和猜测，因此B选项正确。