2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Many companies are（ ）to invest in nanotechnology research, fearing the exposure to legal action that could result if one day a technology is deemed dangerous.问题1选项A.hesitantB.constantC.luxuriantD.coherent【答案】A【解析】句意:许多公司对投资纳米技术研究犹豫不决，担心有朝一日某项技术被认为是危险的，可能会受到法律诉讼。考查形容词辨析。hesitant 犹豫的，畴躇的;constant 不变的，恒定的，经常的;luxuriant 繁茂的，丰富的，奢华的，肥沃的；coherent 连贯的，一致的，凝聚性的，粘在一起的。故A符合句意。2. 单选题Stars twinkle（ ）the turbulent state of the air through which their light passes.问题1选项A.in spite ofB.as a result ofC.in addition toD.with regard to【答案】B【解析】句意:星星的闪烁是由星光穿过湍流状态的空气而形成的。考查短语辨析。in spite of 尽管，不管，不顾；as a result of 因此，由于；in addition to 除之外；with regard to 关于，至于。因此B符合句意。3. 单选题We must（ ）that the procedure is followed as rigidly as possible.问题1选项A.secureB.ensureC.assureD.issue【答案】B【解析】句意:我们必须确保这个程序尽可能被严格遵循。考查动词辨析。secure 保护，弄到；ensure 保证，确保，使安全； assure 保证，担保，使确信（侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心）；issue 发布。因此B符合句意。4. 单选题The joys of travel, having long（ ）the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.问题1选项A.omittedB.threatenedC.worriedD.fascinated【答案】A【解析】句意：对于残疾人来说已经久违的旅行的快乐，现在几乎对每个有出行工具的人都敞开了大门。考查动词辨析。omit 省略，遗漏；threat 威胁，恐吓；worry 担忧；fascinate 使着迷。此处用omit表示“对于残疾人来说已经久违的旅行的快乐”。故选A。5. 单选题A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830s through the early 1890s. Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packing-houses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. Because the history maintains that conditions were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-1880s, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packing-house workers efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform.In fact, other historical sources for the late-nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing-houses were dangerous places to work. The government investigation commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act found the packing-houses unsanitary, while social workers observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked.The history may be too optimistic because most of its data from the 1880s and the information provided from that decade are insufficiently analyzed. Conditions actually declined in the 1880s and continued to decline after the 1880s, due to a reorganization of the packing process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The deterioration in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discussed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing-houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industrys workers from the 1880s on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting, and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched. The authors misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the historys faulty generalizations.The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, less the products of the industrial world of the packers the giant yards and the intricate plants - than of the unity and vibrancy(活跃)of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable community on Chicagos South Side. Indeed, the strength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.1. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing（ ）.2.The author of the passage mentions all of the following as describing negative conditions in the meat-packing industry EXCEPT（ ）.3.The author of the passage mentions the “social movement” (in the last paragraph) generated by Chicagos South Side community primarily in order to（ ）.4.According to the passage, the working conditions of skilled workers in the meat-packing industry during the 1880s were influenced by（ ）.5. The author of the passage uses the second paragraph to（ ）.问题1选项A.how historians ought to explain the origins of the conditions in