2022年考博英语-北京大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Parkinsons disease, first described in the early 1800s by British physician James Parkinson as shaking palsy”，is among the most prevalent neurological disorders. According to the United Nations, at least four million people worldwide have it； in North America, estimates run from 500, 000 to one million, with about 500, 000 diagnosed every year. These figures are expected to double by 2040 as the worlds elderly population grows ； indeed, Parkinsons and other neurodegenerative illnesses common in the elderly ( such as Alzheimers and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) are on their way to overtaking cancer as a leading cause of death. But the disease is not entirely one of the aged: 50 percent of patients acquire it after age 60； the other half are affected before then. Furthermore, better diagnosis has made experts increasingly aware that the disorder can attack those younger than 40. So far researchers and clinicians have found no way to slow, stop or prevent Parkinsons. Although treatments do exist including drugs and deep-brain stimulation these therapies alleviate symptoms, not causes. In recent years, however, several promising developments have occurred. In particular, investigators who study the role proteins play have linked miscreant proteins to genetic underpinnings of the disease. Such findings are feeding optimism that fresh angles of attack can be identified.As its 19th-century name suggests and as many people know from the educational efforts of prominent Parkinsons sufferers such as Janet Reno, Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox - the disease is characterized by movement disorders. Tremor in the hands, arms and elsewhere, limb rigidity, slowness of movement, and impaired balance and coordination are among the diseases hallmarks. In addition, some patients have trouble walking, talking, sleeping, urinating and performing sexually.These impairments result from neurons dying. Although the victim cells are many and found throughout the brain, those producing the neurotransmitter dopamine in a region called the substantia nigra are particularly hard-hit. These dopaminergic nerve cells are key components of the basal ganglia, a complex circuit deep within the brain that fine-tunes and co-ordinates movement. Initially the brain can function normally as it loses dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, even though it cannot replace the dead cells. But when half or more of these specialized cells disappear, the brain can no longer cover for them. The deficit then produces the same effect that losing air traffic control does at a major airport. Delays, false starts, cancellations and, ultimately, chaos pervade as parts of the brain involved in motor control the thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex no longer function as an integrated and orchestrated unit.1.Which of the following statements about Parkinsons disease can be best supported by the passage?2.The author of the passage suggests that the developments in the study of Parkinsons disease can help_.3.According to the passage, what causes Parkinsons disease?4.Janet Reno and Michael J. Fox are mentioned in the passage because( ).5The primary purpose of this passage is to( ).问题1选项A.Parkinsons disease will become one of the leading causes of death for the old people.B.Parkinsons disease is not entirely one of the aged, as half of the patients are young people.C.Parkinsons disease first appeared in the 19th century.D.Parkinsons disease is a neurological disorder, but not yet a neurodegenerative illness.问题2选项A.prevent ParkinsonsB.alleviate the causes of ParkinsonsC.find new avenues for treatment of ParkinsonsD.cure Parkinsons问题3选项A.The dopaminergic nerve cells are impaired by the victim cells.B.The dopaminergic nerve cells can no longer co-ordinate movement.C.There are tumors in the brain.D.There are not enough dopaminergic neurons in the brain.问题4选项A.they were experts on Parkinsons diseaseB.they made great efforts to fight Parkinsons diseaseC.they succeeded in fighting Parkinsons diseaseD.they were well-known sufferers of Parkinsons disease问题5选项A.analyze what causes Parkinsons diseaseB.demonstrate how to prevent Parkinsons diseaseC.warn the young people of the danger of Parkinsons diseaseD.present new movements in the study of Parkinsons disease【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：以下关于帕金森病的陈述中，哪一项最能得到文章的支持？ 原文第一段第一句提到了Parkinsons disesase, 加上“first“、”described”等关键词，发现与C选项对应，因此C选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：这篇文章的作者认为，帕金森病研究的进展可以帮助_。 由development定位到文章第二段，最后一句提到“Such findings are feeding optimism that fresh angles of attack can be identified”，说明帕金森病研究的进展在于寻找治疗帕金森病的新途径，因此C选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：根据本文，帕金森病的病因是什么? 在发现题干无法帮助定位的情况下，可以分析选项，找关键词定位。由三个选项中都出现的dopaminergic可定位到文章最后一段，“But when half or more of these speciali