2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The engineers have used special methods to（ ） the bridge against danger from high winds.问题1选项A.suppressB.lubricateC.heaveD.ensure【答案】D【解析】Suppress抑制, 镇压；lubricate润滑；heave举起, 投掷；ensure确保。句意:工程师们使用特殊的方法来确保这座桥不受狂风的危害。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题In the past, American colleges and universities were created to serve a dual purpose to advance learning and to offer a chance to become familiar with bodies of knowledge already discovered to those who wished it. To create and to impart these were the distinctive feature of American higher education prior to the most recent, disorderly decades of the twentieth century. The successful institution of higher learning had never been one whose mission could be defined in terms of providing vocational skills or as a strategy for resolving societal problems. In a subtle way Americans believed higher education to be useful, but not necessarily of immediate use.Another purpose has now been assigned to the mission of American colleges and universities. Institutions of higher learningpublic or privatecommonly face the challenge of defining their programs in such a way as to contribute to the service of the community.This service role has various applications. Most common are programs to meet the demands of regional employment markets, to provide opportunities for upward social and economic mobility, to achieve racial, ethnic, or social integration, or more generally to produce “productive” as compared to “educated” graduates. Regardless of its precise definition, the idea of a service-university has won acceptance within the academic community.One need only be reminded of the change in language describing the two-year college to appreciate the new value currently being attached to the concept of a service-related university. The traditional two-year college has shed its pejorative “junior” college label and is generally called a “community” college, a clearly value-laden expression representing the latest commitment in higher education. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “union card” in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professors classroom duties. The idea of a college or university that performs a triple function一communicating knowledge to students, expanding the content of various disciplines, and interacting in a direct relationship with society一has been the most important change in higher education in recent years.The novel development, however, is often overlooked. Educators have always been familiar with those parts of the two-year college curriculum that have a “service” or vocational orientation. It is important to know this. But some commentaries on American postsecondary education tend to underplay the impact of the attempt of colleges and universities to relate to, if not resolve, the problems of society. Whats worse, they obscure a fundamental question posed by the service-universitywhat is higher education supposed to do?1.The opening paragraph is written in order to state（ ）. 2.One of the recent, important changes in higher education relates to（ ）. 3.The service role of colleges specifically aims to（ ）. 4.It can be inferred from the passage that there exists a tendency to（ ）. 5.The authors attitude toward the service-education concept is（ ）. 问题1选项A.the future usefulness of the knowledge obtained in collegeB.the missions of different educational institutions in AmericaC.the purpose of American postsecondary education in the pastD.the history of the development of American higher education问题2选项A.curriculum updatesB.service-education conceptsC.imparting knowledge to studentsD.combining education with production问题3选项A.improve servicesB.serve the communityC.provide skills for future useD.make graduates employable问题4选项A.play down the service-universityB.highlight service-education functionsC.alter the mission of primary educationD.exaggerate the change in higher education问题5选项A.radicalB.impartialC.optimisticD.supportive【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.根据首段第一句可知，作者是为了陈述美国过去高等教育的目的，选项C符合原文。2.根据第二段的内容可知，现在公立或私立高等教育机构通常都面临着这样一个挑战：明确自己的目标，以便为社会服务。即与服务型的教育概念相关。选项B正确。3.根据第三段的内容可知，服务角色的应用广泛，最普遍的是满足地区就业市场的需求，为社会和经济的向上流动提供机会，实现种族、族裔或社会融合，或者更普遍地培养“有生产力”的毕业生，而不是“受过教育”的毕业生。这样毕业生才能更好地就业，所以选项D正确。4.根据最后一段倒数第二句“some commentaries . the problems of society.”一些对美国高等教育的评论往往低估了高等院校试图解决社会问题的影响。所以存在于一种贬低服务型大学的倾向，选项A符合原文。5.根据最后一段可知，学院或大学的想法执行三重功能传播知识给学生，扩大各学科的内容以及与社会直接互动是近年来高等教育最重要的改变。然而，这种新颖的发展往往被忽视。作者在最后一段批判了贬低服务型大学的倾向，由此可知，作者的态度是支持的，所以选项D正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:3. 单选题When we think of creative people,the names that probably spring to mind are