2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The consumer（ ）in recent years has led to an explosion of shopping center development in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Canton.问题1选项A.boomB.pressureC.summitD.volume【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项boom“繁荣，迅速发展”；B选项pressure“迫使，密封”；C选项summit“顶峰，顶点”；D选项volume“成团卷起”。句意：近几年的消费（ ）促使北京、上海和广州这样的大城市中的购物中心快速地发展起来。这里的意思是“消费的繁荣使得购物中心发展”，因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题The military operation（ ）yesterday were targeted at the military installations.问题1选项A.propelledB.commencedC.plaguedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项propelled“推动，驱使”；B选项commenced“开始”；C选项plagued“困扰，折磨”；D选项modulated“调接，调动”。句意：昨天_的军事行动是针对军事设施的。这里表达的意思是“昨天开始执行的军事行动”，因此B选项符合题意。3. 单选题The man had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he（ ）himself.问题1选项A.exposedB.revealedC.betrayedD.disclosed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exposed“暴露，揭露”；B选项revealed“透露，显示”；C选项betrayed“出卖，背叛”；D选项disclosed“公开”。这里考查了固定搭配betray oneself“原形毕露”，句意：这个人伪装得很好，但一说话就（ ）了自己。这里说的是“一说话就暴露了自己”，因此C选项符合题意。4. 单选题In the case of Finney, where an attendant at a mental hospital caused the death of a patient by releasing a flow of boiling water into a bath, the test was whether he was grossly（ ）.问题1选项A.negativeB.negligentC.serenityD.custody【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negative“负的，消极的，否定的”；B选项negligent“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；C选项serenity“平静，宁静”；D选项custody“保管，监护，拘留”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名护工将沸腾的开水倒入浴缸，导致一名病人死亡，这个是测试他是否严重_。根据原句逻辑，这个护工导致病人死亡，可见他的工作是有疏忽的，因此B选项符合题意。5. 单选题The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making many food more fit to eat, it has, the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illness is related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon.Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging lakes of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes, similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Though the Food and Drug Administration (FAD) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.How has science done a disservice to mankind?2.What are nitrates used for?3.What does FDA mean?4.The word “carcinogenic” means most nearly the same as（ ）.5.Which of the following sentences is not true?问题1选项A.Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually eradicated.B.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.C.As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food.D.The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.问题2选项A.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.B.They preserve the color of meats.C.They are the objects of research.D.They cause the animals to become fatter.问题3选项A.Food Direct Additives.B.Final Difficult Analysis.C.Food and Drug Administration.D.Federal Diary Additives.问题4选项A.trouble-makingB.color-retainingC.money-makingD.cancer-causing问题5选项A.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reason.B.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.C.Researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for over 35 years.D.Food may cause 40% of cancer in the world.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第一段Although science has made enormous steps in making many food more fit to eat, it has, the same time, made many foods unfit to eat.（虽然科学已取得巨大进展，使许多食物更适合食用，但与此同时，它也使许多食物不宜食用。）也就是说很多添加剂式的食物容易导致一些疾病，因此C选项“由于科学的干预，一些潜在的有害物质被添加到我们的食物中。”正确。A选项“由于科学的发展，由受污染的食物引起的疾病实际上已经被根除了。”和题干提问并不符合；B选项“它导致了关于食物价值的信息的缺乏。”这个不是原文的观点；D选项“科学家们保存了肉的颜色，却没有保存蔬菜的颜色。”与题干不符。2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段In 1945, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats（1945年，政府部门的研究人员认识到，用于肉类颜色保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌）因此B选项“它们能保持肉的颜色”正确。A选项“它们能保存包装食品的风味。”不是保存风味；C选项“它们是研究的对象”，与原文不符；D选项“它们使动物变得更胖”与原文不符。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一句话Though the Food and Drug Administration (FAD) has tried repeatedly to control t