2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The health-care economy is replete with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider” and purchaser or “consumer” in the typical doctorpatient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Where circumstances permit the buyer no choice because there is effectively only one seller and the product is relatively essential, government usually asserts monopoly and places the industry under price and other regulations. Neither of these conditions prevails in most of the health-care industry.In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physicianand even then there may be no real choiceit is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctors judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer.” As a consequence, the medical staff represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants: the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government)the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. In routine or minor illnesses, or just plain worries, the patients options are, of course, much greater with respect to use and price. In illnesses that are of some significance, however, such choices tend to evaporate, and it is for illnesses that the bulk of the health-care dollar is spent. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients.1. The authors primary purpose is to _.2. It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because _.3. According to the author, when a doctor tells a patient to “return next Wednesday” (para. 2), the doctor is in effect _.4. The author is most probably leading up to _.5. It is the physician who is the real “consumer” (Para. 3) means that the physician is the party that _.问题1选项A.speculate about the relationship between a patients ability to pay and the treatment receivedB.criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patientsC.analyze some important economic factors in health careD.urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authority问题2选项A.it is doctors who generate income for the hospitalB.most of the patients bills are paid by his health insuranceC.hospital administrators lack the expertise to question medical decisionsD.a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patients health问题3选项A.taking advantage of the patients concern for his healthB.instructing the patient to buy more medical servicesC.warning the patient that hospital stay might be necessaryD.advising the patient to seek a second opinion问题4选项A.an analysis of the causes of inflationB.a proposal to control medical costsC.a discussion of a new medical treatmentD.a discussion of new medical costs问题5选项A.pays for goods or servicesB.delivers goods or servicesC.orders goods or servicesD.reimburses a third party for goods or services【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.作者意图题。根据第一段第一句“The health-care economy is replete with unusual and even unique economic relationships.（医疗保健经济充满了不同寻常甚至独特的经济关系。）” 可知本文将要讨论卫生保健行业中的特殊经济关系，其余三段主要分析了医疗保健领域的一些重要的影响相互之间经济关系的因素：医生、医院、病人以及支付者，因此C选项“分析卫生保健中一些重要的经济因素”符合文章大意。A选项“推测病人的支付能力和所接受的治疗之间的关系”；B选项“批评医生对病人过分控制”；D选项“敦促医院收回他们的决策权”都太过片面，因此C选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“.it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc.（所有重要的购买决定通常都是由医生做出的：病人是否应该