光栅式位移传感器构成的测控系统硬件电路设计 光栅式位移传感器构成的测控系统硬件电路设计 栅式位移传感器构成的测控系统的硬件电路设计 光栅作为精密测量的一种工具，由于他本身具有的优点，已在精密仪器、坐 标测量光栅作为精密测量的一种工具，由于他本身具有的优点，已在精密仪器、 坐标测量、精确定位、高精度精密加工等领域得到了广泛的应用。目前，广泛地 将光栅位移传感器与微电子技术相结合，进行微小位移量的测量，以实现较高的 测量精度。本设计以全自动金属带锯床为例介绍了光栅式位移传感器在机电一体 化产品中的应用实例，以AT89C51 为核心，以光栅式位移传感器为检测元件， 以电磁阀、电动机为驱动部件，由控制软件作支持的智能光栅测控系统，对机电 一体化设备的运动部件进行定位控制。该系统性能可靠，操作方便，通用性强， 具有一定的工程实用价值。 本文设计了一种基于 AT89C51 单片机开发的光栅位移传感器对微小位移 进行测量的系统。其硬件设计主要包括键盘输入与显示、传感器信号处理和输出 驱动。把读数头输出的信号（脉冲电信号），经过硬件电路辨向，送入计数器计 数，利用 AT89C51 单片机进行信号处理，最终转换成实际的位移值显示出来。 与其他系统相比，他的硬件电路简单，并能实现较高的位移测量精度。 关键字： 单片机 AT89C51 ； 光栅传感器 ； 位移检测 光栅式位移传感器构成的测控系统硬件电路设计 GRATING DISPLACEMENT SENSOR MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM CONSISTING OF HARDWARE CIRCUIT DESIGN ABSTRACT Grating as a tool for precision measurement, due to his own advantages, in precision instruments, coordinate measuring, precision positioning, high accuracy in areas such as precision machining has been widely used. At present, the wider will be grating displacement sensor with a combination of microelectronic technology for micro-displacement measurement, in order to achieve higher measurement accuracy. The design is based on the microprocessor as the core, grating displacement sensor for the detection of components to the solenoid valve, motor-driven components, by the control software for the intelligent support grating measurement and control system, mechanical and electrical integration of the moving parts of equipment to carry out positioning control . The system is reliable, easy to operate, high universality, the project has a certain practical value. In this paper, the design of a single-chip microcomputer-based development AT89C51grating displacement sensor for measuring micro-displacement system. Its hardware design including keyboard input and display, sensor signal processing and output driver. The reading of the first output signal pulse signal , after a hardware circuit to identify, count into the counter, using AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer for signal processing, and ultimately converted into the actual displacement values displayed. Compared with other systems, and his simple hardware circuit and can achieve high precision displacement measurement. Key words: Single-chip AT89C51;grating sensor;Displacement detection 光栅式位移传感器构成的测控系统硬件电路设计 目 录 1 绪论.1 1.1 课题背景及目的.1 1.2 国内外研究状况.2 1.3 课题研究方法.2 1.4 论文构成及研究内容.3 2 系统整体硬件设计.4 2.1 系统功能与总体设计方案.4 系统功能分析.5 键盘显示与管理.5 2.2 系统总体设计研究任务.5 2.3 光栅式位移传感器原理介绍.6 莫尔条纹的概念.6 位移传感器的分类与选择.7 光栅式位移传感器的检测原理.8 3 各部分硬件设计.10 3.1 系统的硬件结构.10 AT89C2051 简介.10 控制系统AT89C2051 引脚功能说明.