集成电路简介集成电路是将三极管、电容、电阻和其它元件高度密集在一个芯片上。 An integrated circuit contains transistors, capacitors, resistors and other parts packed in high density on one chip.尽管其功能与分立元件搭成的电路相似，但集成电路的内部结构与分立元件是不同的。三 极管、电容、电阻超级小，且高密度做在硅片上，它们是由照相印刷技术组成的。 Although the function is similar to a circuit made with separate components, the internal structure of the components are different in an integrated circuit. The transistors, resistors, and capacitors are formed very small, and in high density on a foundation of silicon. They are formed by a variation of printing technology. 386N-MALAYSIA Mira 熠 gPJNGM集成电路种类繁多，其中还包括专用集成电路。 There are many kind of ICs, including special use ICs.上图左侧是SN7400，它包括4个分离的2输入与非门电路。每边各有7个引脚，共有14 个管脚。集成电路的这种封装形式称为双列直插式(DIP)。当集成电路只有1列引脚，这种封装 形式称为单列直插式(SIP)。The top left device in the photograph is an SN7400. It contains 4 separate 2 input NAND circuits. There are 7 pins on each side, 14 pins total. ICs in this form are called Dual In line Package (DIP). When an IC has only one row of pins, it is called a Single In line Package (SIP).引脚的数量依托于集成电路的功能。上图的左下方是一个14引脚DIP集成电路管座。The number of pins changes depending on the function of IC. At the bottom left is an IC socket for use with 14 pin DIP ICs.ICs can be attached directly to the printed circuit board with solder, but its better to use an IC socket, because you can easily exchange it should the IC fail.On the top right is an LM386N audio amplifier. It can be used for amplification of low frequency, low power signals. IT has 8 pins and the maximum output is 660mW.On the bottom right is a TA7368P, which also is for amplification of low frequency electric power.It has a maximum output of watts.It is a 9 pin SIP IC.ICsBelow, the most common ICs are shown. (Those parts that I use most.)For extensive details on each part, see the corresponding data sheet.The part numbers of the SN74 series ICs are written with a 74, often followed by LS or HC.LS (Low power Shottky) indicates low power consumption. HC indicates the device is High speed C-MOS (Complementary-Metal Oxide Semiconductor), and is also a low power consumption IC. The average current consumption for each type of chip is listed below.The current shown is for when the device is in a LOW state output. In the case of the LOW state output, current consumption is much greater than in the HIGH state output.SN7400 22mASN74LS00 SN74HC00 Several kinds of ICs are not available in the LS or HC type. For example, SN7445 is not available in LS or HC. It is available only as SN7445, the normal type.SN7445BDC to+5VVcc IN PJT OUT PUTOpen collector type ofDECIMALDecoder/DriverMax current of outputBCDis 80mA.a 1 2 S 4 E fl 1 3 0Y ； T Ta45678OUT PUTGNDFront ViewICDual JK-FFs2 pieces of JK-FFWith ClearSegmentDecoder/DriverDrivingVsegments LED.Open collector typeMaxresistancevoltage:15V6 and 9 disply type: 日RelatedI 1)f E a t |：= d H R 心 LT REOBE 1人rJ2 3456 78(icLR1KVCCGKCLR2JofSN74LS90Decade Counter+5VAsynchronous 2 + 5INA Qa QdGND C Qocounter.Async preset : 9Async clearRelated4-Bit BinaryCounterININ Rol RC2 Vcc bAsynchronous 2 + 8counter.SN74HC123 Dual+5VRetriggaerableSingle ShotRExtCextCLRCcxt Rex!SN74LS247 BCDtoSegmentDecoder/Driver+5V1f r1 jHjn4-1)f E Q t C： d e E： L： lt red ee i 1J2 3456 78OUT PUTVcc岡阳阿阳円冋冋莎Front View6 and 9 disply 匚口type:11 二RelatedSingle shot resister holds the output in the required time from the input states goes to ON.The output holding time corresponds to C(capacitor)andR(resistor) connected to the Cext(External capacitor)andRext(External resistor) respectivly.SN74LS290 Decade Counter +5VIN INThis type is the same as the SN7490, with a different layout of pins. RelatedSN74HC390 Dual Decade +5VCountersType that inserted 2 SN7490.Presetting 9 is omitted .Related4040B 12Bit Binary +5VCounter(CMOS)Vcc Q11 Qio Os Qd CLRCK Qi同冈崗向向冋冋回12-stageBinarycounter.It has a clear function.Counts downward with an external clock pulse.QI2 Q6 Q5 QI QI Q3 Q2 GND4541BProgarammableOscillator/Timer(CMOS)+5VVccRtcQc Rs AR MR GNDNE555Timer+ to+16VVccD ISCHJ.RGETHREGHLiLDWLT-MjELM386N-1Low frequency electric power amplifier+4 to12VG.IIN-INPUT+ INPUT1匡匡叵DNGTJbyfass 司 v：-： nvcdiProgrammable 16 stage binary counter.Used in RC oscillation circuits, power reset, output control circuits.Tap outputs of 8, 10, 13, 16 bits are possible by the control terminal.Maxfrequency:500kHzTemperature drift: %/C.Max output current: 200mA.Dela