1.3考研真题与典型题详解I.Fillintheblanks.1.Thefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalled_features.(北二外2006研)2.Linguisticsisusuallydefinedasthe_studyoflanguage.(北二外2003研)3.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof_communication.4.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed_ 5.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof_.6.Modernlinguisticis_inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.7.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof_overwriting.8.Thebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesoundpatternsofalanguageiscalled_.(北二外2003研)9.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsiscalled_.(北二外2004研)10._mainlystudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.(北二外2005研) 11.Semanticsand_investigatedifferentaspectsoflinguisticmeaning.(北二外2007研)12.Inlinguistics,_referstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationassentence.(中山大学2008研)13._canbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,ontheotherhand,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.14.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofsentenceiscalled_.(北二外2008研)15.Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguistics(utterances)asand.Theformerreferstotheabstractlinguistic linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andthelatteristheconcretemanifestationoflanguageeitherthroughspeechorthroughwriting.(人大2006研)16.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa_study.17.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussureslangueandChomskys_.18.Oneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsis_andparole.TheformeristheFrenchwordfor“language”,whichistheabstractknowledgenecessaryforspeaking，listening，writingandreading.Thelatterisconcernedabouttheactualuseoflanguagebypeopleinspeechorwriting.Paroleismorevariableandmaychangeaccordingtocontextualfactors. 19.Oneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsisandperformance.(人大2006研)20.Chomskyinitiatedthedistinctionbetween_andperformances.(北二外2007研)II.MultipleChoice1. WhichofthefollowingisNOTafrequentlydiscusseddesignfeature?(大连外国语学院2008研)A.ArbitrarinessB.ConventionC.Duality2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?(西安交大2008研)A.tree B.crashC.typewriterD.bang3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguagesuseas_.A.unnaturalB.somethingtobefearedC.naturalD.abnormal4.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?A.Transferability. B.Duality.C.Displacement.D.Arbitrariness:5.Thestudyofphysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeechiscloselyconnectedwith_.(大连外国语学院2008研)A.articulatoryphoneticsB.acousticphoneticsC.auditoryphonetics6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofJacobsonsframeworkoflanguagefunctions?A.Thereferentialfunctionistoindulgeinlanguageforitsownsake.B.Theemotivefunctionistoconveymessageandinformation. C.Theconativefunctionistoclearupintentions,wordsandmeanings.D.Thephaticfunctionistoestablishcommunionwithothers.7.Whichofthefollowingisamainbranchoflinguistics?(大连外国语学院2008研)A.MacrolinguisticsB.PsycholinguisticsC.Sociolinguistics8._referstothesystemofalanguage,i.e.thearrangementofsoundsandwordswhichspeakersofalanguagehaveasharedknowledgeof.(西安外国语学院2006研)A.LangueB.Competence C.CommunicativecompetenceD.Linguisticpotential9.Thestudyoflanguageatonepointintimeisa_study.(北二外2010研)A.historicalB.synchronicC.descriptiveD.diachronic10.“AnrefertoConfuciuseventhoughhewasdead2,000yearsago.”Thisshowsthatlanguagehasthedesignfeatureof_.A.arbitrarinessB.creativityC.duality D.displacement11.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreeCentigrade”is.A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative12.Saussureiscloselyconnectedwith_.(大连外国语学院2008研)A.LangueB.CompetenceC.EticIII.TrueorFalse 1.Ono