语法专项名词讲与练一、名词分类名词类别意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Gina,China,Beijing,the U.N,the Palace Museum普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl,boy,book, banana, computer,集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people,police,team,clothes,group不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质(液态、颗粒、肉类)water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care二、可数名词的复数变化规则情况词尾变化读音例词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y变i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves以字母o结尾的单词无生命的名词前加s,有生命的加es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,三、不可数名词量的表达。类型英语汉译例子容器cup杯a cup of tea, two cups of coffeeglass杯a glass of water, three glasses of juicebottle瓶a bottle of pop, seven bottles of waterbowl碗a bowl of rice, four bowls of soupbox箱，盒a box of chalk, five boxes of chalkbag袋a bag of rice, six bags of rice个数piece 张；条；块；片a piece of meat, two pieces of advice, three pieces of paper度量kilo公斤a kilo of oil, two kilos of oilpound磅a pound of beef, three pounds of beef四、名词所有格。类型构成方法例子 有生命的名词在词尾加s，或用of 结构Li Mings book或the book of Li MingChildrens Day, Womens work以s结尾的直接加students books, Teachers Day无生命的名词表示时间、距离、国家、城镇一般在词尾加san hours drive, Chinas first gold medal其他一般用of结构a photo of my family五、特例清单 1.可数名词复数的不规则变化(1)单词中元音字母的改变。例如： manmen,womanwomen,toothteeth,footfeet,goosegeese,mousemice(2)单复数同形。例如：ChineseChinese,deerdeer,fishfish,sheepsheep(3)由man和woman修饰其他名词时，man和woman的形式随着被修饰的名词而变化。 例如： amandoctortwo mendoctors,awomanteacherthree womenteachers注意：有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式。例如：trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts, scissors等。有些名词从形式上看是复数,实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数)。例如：maths,physics,politics,news2. 不可数名词不能直接表达数量，因此，他们前面不能用a / an来修饰，也没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式,但有其特殊用法。例如： hopehopes differencedifferences 3. 既可数又不可数的名词。英语中根据表示的意义不同，有些名词既可以做可数名词又可作不可数名词。orange：橙汁(不可数)，橙子(可数)paper：纸张(不可数)，试卷(可数)fish：鱼肉(不可数)，鱼(可数)glass：玻璃(不可数)，玻璃杯(可数)4. 在使用名词所有格时，如果表示两人共有的物体,则在第二个名词后加s;如果分别是两人所有,则在每个名词后面加s。例如：LucyandLilysroom(指属于两人共有的房间)Mrs.GreensandMrs.Brownssons(指各自的儿子)5. 表示某具体场所时,所有格后面的名词可省略。例如：at thedoctors(office)在医生的诊所 at Mr.Browns 在布朗先生家6. 双重所有格的构成方式为：of +s或of +名词性物主代词或名词的所有格。如：a big houseofToms Tom的一所新房子a friend of his 她的一个朋友7. “数词+名词单数”构成的符合形容词作前置定语。例如：a seven-day holidayI. 可数名词练习1. Its your _ to protect the environment. A. duty B. hobby C. habit D. manner 2. We should keep_ clean. A. toothes B. tooths C. our tooths D. our teeth 3. These are my _. A. box B. a box C. boxes D. the boxes4. The teacher said we needed to choose three _ for the concert.A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers5. There are four chairs in my room, one in each _. A. side B. floor C. wall D. cornerII. 不可数名词练习6. Does Mr. Brown like Chinese _. A. foodB. foodsC. any foodD. some food7. We have bought two _ for the coming party.A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of applesD. boxes of apple8. I am very thirty. Would you please bring me some _? A. rices B. cakesC. orangeD. a piece of bread9. He was so thirsty that he drank _. A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of waterD. two glass water10. I asked her for _ water, but she didnt have _. A. any, someB. any, anyC. some, someD. some, anyIII. 名词所有格练习11. Lucy has been to _ many times this year.A. her teachersB. her teacherC. his teachersD. his teacher12. This is_ table. A. his uncleB. his unclesC. unclesD. her uncles13. After climbing 2 hours, we had _ rest. A. a few minutesB. few minutesC. a few minutesD. few minutes14. Mr. Li is a friend of _.A. Johns uncleB. John unclesC. Johns unclesD. John uncle15. _ desk is the cleanest in the classroom. A. Anns and TomB. Ann and TomsC. Ann and TomD. Anns and Toms综合练习 1. Id like a _ for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health. A. potatoB. bananaC. candyD. pie2. Marys skirt is the same as her _. A. sisterB. brotherC. sistersD. brothers3. This is _ football. Why not ask them if you need it? A. Tom and HelenB. Toms and Helen C. Tom and HelensD. Toms and Helens4. Who is that man on