2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Plastics are lighter and more _ resistant than metal, but they are not usually strong.问题1选项A.contractionB.collisionC.corrosionD.corruption【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. contraction 收缩；缩小 B. collision 碰撞；冲突C. corrosion 腐蚀；侵蚀 D. corruption 腐败；堕落【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：塑料比金属更轻，更耐，但它们通常不坚固。由常识可知大部分塑料的抗腐蚀能力强，因此选C选项。【干扰项排除】A选项contraction“收缩；缩小”，根据常识可知塑料遇热易收缩，不符合句意。B选项collision“碰撞；冲突”，主要指碰撞（或相撞）事故，不符合句意。D选项corruption“腐败；堕落”不符合句意。【句意】塑料比金属更轻，更耐腐蚀，但通常不坚固。2. 单选题If you go to the park early in the morning, youll _ find Mr. Smith doing Taijiquan (traditional Chinese shadow boxing) there.问题1选项A.invariablyB.invalidlyC.innovativelyD.instantaneously【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. invariably 始终如一地；一贯地 B. invalidly 无价值地；无用地C. innovatively 独创性地 D. instantaneously 瞬间地；稍纵即逝地【答案】A【考查点】副词辨析。【解题思路】句意：如果你一大早去公园，你会发现史密斯先生在那里打太极拳。根据逻辑，应该是会总是看到他在公园打太极拳。因此选A选项invariably“始终如一地；一贯地”。invariably相当于always，可引申为“总是”的意思。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应的逻辑关系。【句意】如果你一大早去公园，你总会发现史密斯先生在那里打太极拳。3. 单选题Do not belittle anyones contribution; these little gifts add up to large sums.问题1选项A.contemplateB.disparageC.appreciateD.prod【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. contemplate 沉思；深思熟虑 B. disparage 贬低；抨击C. appreciate 欣赏；感激 D. prod 刺激；督促【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：不要任何人的贡献；这些小礼物加起来是一大笔钱。由后半句可知，这些小的贡献是一大笔钱，也就是说每个人的贡献都很重要，不要轻视任何人的贡献。因此选B选项disparage“贬低；抨击”。划线词belittle意为“轻视；贬低”。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合句意。【句意】不要轻视任何人的贡献；这些小礼物加起来是一大笔钱。4. 单选题Now the cheers and applause _ in a single sustained roar.问题1选项A.mingledB.concentratedC.assembledD.permeated【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. mingled 混合；（在社交场合）相交往 B. concentrated 集中（注意力）C. assembled 聚集；集合 D. permeated 渗透；弥漫【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：现在，欢呼声和掌声在一声持续的吼叫中。根据句意，在吼叫中，欢呼声和掌声是混合在一起的。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项concentrated“集中（注意力）”，不符合句意；C选项assembled“聚集；集合”，多指作为一个团体聚集在一起；把人或物聚集在一起。该选项不符合语境；D选项permeated“渗透；弥漫”指液体、气体等渗透；弥漫，不符合语境。【句意】现在，欢呼声和掌声汇成了一声经久不息的吼声。5. 单选题The crisis in our industry was _ by intense competition from foreign producers.问题1选项A.brought onB.brought forwardC.brought upD.brought round【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. brought on 导致；引起 B. brought forward 提出；提前C. brought up 提出；教育；养育 D. brought round 使改变观点；说服【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：我们工业的危机是由外国生产商的激烈竞争。根据逻辑，外国生产商的激烈竞争可能会引起我国的工业危机。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我们工业的危机是由外国生产商的激烈竞争引起的。6. 翻译题Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact a little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a fresh, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally, though a childs “teachers” may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.New Efforts to Lean about MarsTwo weeks ago, the United States launched a spaceship named Mars Global Surveyor. It is expected to arrive at Mars next September after traveling about 7 hundred million kilometers. It will orbit the planet. Its main task is to make the most detailed map of Mars. On December 2nd, the United States is to launch another spacecraft Mars Pathfinder. Although the two spacecrafts are not designed to search for life, they will seek out conditions that could support life.Mars is the fourt