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被动语态考点聚焦_初中英语语法系列焦点一什么是被动语态?它是怎样构成的?被动语态表明一个被动性动作,它由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。请看下表:时态主语为单数被动语态构成主语为复数被动语态构成一般现在时is/ am doneare done一般过去时was donewere done一般将来时will be done/ is (am) going to be donewill be done/ are going to be done情态动词may/ can/ must/ should be donemay/ can/ must/ should be done被动语态否定式为be not done,情态动词被动语态否定式为情态动词not be done.焦点二在什么情况下要使用被动语态?在下列情况下要使用被动语态:1. 行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。如:Football is played all over the world.2. 不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如:My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被盗了。3. 汉语中含有“据说、据悉、有人说、大家说”等时。如:It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chimney.据说,有一天他爬到一所房子的顶上,往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。4. 汉语中含有“被、由”等词时。如:Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.魏华是被林涛叫来的。5. 汉语中没有“被、由”等词,而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时。如:These songs are usually sung by boys.这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。(在“是”后面可以加上“由”)6. 某些句子习惯上用被动语态。如:He was born in October, 1989.7. 表示礼貌时。如:You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00 p.m. tomorrow.敬请您明天晚上8:00光临我们的英语晚会。焦点三那么在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢?在以下10种情况下均不能使用被动语态:1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如:正:The story happened in London.误:The story was happened in London.2. 表示状态的动词,如have,cost,fit,last,own,hold,become等往往不能用于被动语态。如:正:The shirt fits him very well.误:He is fitted very well by the shirt.3. 某些“不及物动词介词”构成的短语动词,如listen to,walk into,fall off等,往往不使用被动语态。如:正:He walked into the room.误:The room was walked into by him.4. 祈使句一般没有被动语态。如:正:Look at the blackboard, please.误:The blackboard is looked at by you.5. 宾语和主语所指的对象相同时不能用于被动语态。如:正:We must help each other.误:Each other must be helped by us.6. 某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。如:正:He joined the League in 1998.误:The League was joined by him in 1998.7. 动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语时不能用于被动语态。如:正:They like to watch TV.误:To watch TV is liked by them.正:He enjoys listening to the radio.误:Listening to the radio is enjoyed by him.8. 主动句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度的单词或短语作宾语时往往不使用被动语态。如:正:She pays three yuan for the tomatoes.误:Three yuan is paid for these tomatoes by her.9. 由“动词名词”构成的英语习语(如make faces,make friends,take place等)一般不可改为被动语态。如:正:The boy make faces in class.误:Faces are made by the boy in class.10. 反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态。如:正:You must look after yourself.误:Yourself must be looked after.
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