2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题How can you （ ） and watch the country go to ruin?问题1选项A.stand byB.stand forC.stand upD.stand up for【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。stand by袖手旁观，站在旁边；stand for代表，象征；stand up站起来，坚持；stand up for支持，拥护。句意：你怎么能袖手旁观，看着这个国家走向毁灭呢?选项A符合句意。2. 单选题According to the latest report, consumer confidence（ ） a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in ten years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】soared飙升；mutated突变，变异；plummeted骤然下跌；fluctuated波动。根据下句“lowest level in ten years”可推测，这里指下跌，所以选项C符合语境。3. 单选题Men often wait longer to get help for medical problems than women, and （ ）, women live about six years longer than men on an average.问题1选项A.instead ofB.constantlyC.consequentlyD.because【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知，前后构成因果关系，前面是因，后面是由此产生的结果，所以选项C符合语境。4. 写作题Write a note to your roommate Frank. Your note should contain about 80 English words. Remember that you are writing this note before leaving for Shanghai for three days. In your note, you should ask Frank to look after your pet dog Goofy while you are away. Your note to Frank should include the following information.(a)You will fly to Shanghai in the evening(b)Apologize to Frank that you have to leave in a hurry(c)Ask Frank to look after Goofy(d)Tell Frank that the dog food is left in the store room(e)Remind Frank that Goofy does not like cold milk(f)Goofy likes to take a walk in the evening(g)Let Frank know that you are grateful to him for looking after GoofyWrite your note to Frank on ANSWER SHEET II.【答案】Dear Frank,Im going to Shanghai this evening and I will stay there for 3 days. I should apologize that I have to leave so hastily. And Im very embarrassed to ask you to help me look after my dog Goofy. By the way, I must remind you that you can easily find the dog food that I have left in the store room. Oh, Goofy dont like cold milk very much, so please dont forget to heat the milk for him. Besides, he likes taking a walk in the evening. Thank you very much for helping me.Yours Sincerely,5. 单选题In most countries, the metric system has been （ ）for all measurement.问题1选项A.admittedB.adaptedC.appliedD.adopted【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在大多数国家，所有的计量都采用公制。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（ ）to expressed thoughts.问题1选项A.dilemmasB.countenancesC.concessionsD.junctions【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。dilemmas困境；countenances面容；concessions让步；junctions连接点。句意：一个人可以通过注意他人的眼睛和面部即时的或短暂的反应来更好地理解别人。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题Its apparent that the wooden bridge is not strong enough to （ ） the weight of a lorry.问题1选项A.retainB.sustainC.obtainD.maintain【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知，这里指木桥承受不了卡车的重量，选项B符合句意。8. 单选题The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our childrens college and our own retirement security is chilling.问题1选项A.frighteningB.promisingC.freezingD.revealing【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。选项A与之意思相近，正确。9. 单选题Our journey was slow because the train stopped （ ）at different villages.问题1选项A.graduallyB.continuouslyC.constantlyD.continually【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。gradually逐渐地；continuously连续不断地；constantly不断地，时常地；continually不断地，频繁地。句意：我们的旅行很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村庄停靠。选项D更符合语境。10. 单选题Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.问题1选项A.trustworthyB.intelligentC.diligentD.meticulous【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。scrupulous指小心谨慎的。trustworthy 可靠的，可信赖的；intelligent聪明的；diligent用功的，费尽心思的；meticulous小心翼翼的。选项D与划线部分意思最为接近。11. 单选题He wouldnt even think of wearing clothes;（ ） they make him look so old!问题1选项A.sameB.despiteC.suchD.that【答案】D【解析】用that从句表原因，所以选项D正确。12. 单选题（ ） the heavy pollution, the city officials have decided to cancel school for the day.问题1选项A.PriorB.By means ofC.Due toD.Through【答案】C【解析】prior在前的，优先的；by means of依靠；due to由于；through从头到尾，彻底。句意：由于污染严重，市政官员已决定停课一天。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题Britains hope of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered（ ） yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.问题1选项A.a severe set-backB.sharp set-backC.a severe blown-upD.sharp blown-up【答案】A【解析】set-back阻碍，停止，为名词，前面需加冠词a，排除选项B；blown-up放大的，膨胀的，为形容词，不用冠词a修饰，排除选项C。句意：当Hunter在预赛中未能晋级，英国在奥运会上夺冠的希望昨日遭遇严重挫折。选项A更符合语境。14. 单选题Who would have thought we would become a planet of “ologies”？ Theres biology, psychology, herpetology, etymology, and geology just to name a few. However, one “ology” truly helps us to understand the most part of our planet, our environment. Ecology (which is filled with ecologists)