2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The debate over the environmental crisis is not new: anxiety about industrys impact on the environment has existed for over a century. What is new is the extreme polarization of views. Mounting evidence of humanitys capacity to damage the environment irreversibly coupled with suspicions that government, industry, and even science might be impotent to prevent environmental destruction have provoked accusatory polemics on the part of environmentalists. In turn, these polemics have elicited a corresponding backlash from industry. The sad effect of this polarization is that it is now even more difficult for industry than it was a hundred years ago to respond appropriately to impact analyses that demand action.Unlike todays adversaries, earlier ecological reformers shared with advocates of industrial growth a confidence in timely corrective action. George P. Marshs pioneering conservation tract Man and Nature (1864) elicited wide acclaim without embittered denials. Man and Nature castigated Earths despoilers for heedless greed, declaring that humanity “has brought the face of the Earth to desolation almost as complete as that of the Moon.” But no entrepreneur or industrialist sought to refute Marshs accusations to defend the gutting of forests or the slaughter of wildlife as economically essential or to dismiss his ecological warnings as hysterical. To the contrary, they generally agreed with him.Why? Marsh and his followers took environmental improvement and economic progress as givens; they disputed not the desirability of conquering nature but the bungling way in which the conquest was carried out. Blame was not personalized. Marsh denounced general greed rather than particular entrepreneurs, and the media did not hound malefactors. Further, corrective measures seemed to entail no sacrifice to demand no draconian remedies. Self-interest underwrote most prescribed reforms. Marshs emphasis on future stewardship was then a widely accepted ideal (if not practice). His ecological admonitions were in keeping with the Enlightenment premise that humanitys mission was to subdue and transform nature.Not until the 1960s did a gloomier perspective gain popular ground. Frederic Clements equilibrium model of ecology developed in the 1930s seemed consistent with mounting environmental disasters. In this view, nature was most fruitful when least altered. Left undisturbed, flora and fauna gradually attained maximum diversity and stability. Despoliation thwarted the culmination or shortened the duration of this beneficent climax: technology did not improve nature but destroyed it.The equilibrium model became an ecological mystique: environmental interference was now taboo, wilderness adored. Nature as unfinished fabric perfected by human ingenuity gave way to the image nature debased and endangered by technology. In contrast to the Enlightenment vision of nature, according to which rational managers construct an ever more improved environment, twentieth-century reformers vision of nature calls for a reduction of human interference in order to restore environmental stability.61. Which one of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage?62. The author refers to the equilibrium model of ecology as an “ecological mystique” (line 1, last paragraph) most likely in order to do which one of the following?63. Which one of the following practices is most clearly an application of Frederic Clements equilibrium model of ecology?64. The passage suggests the George P. Marsh and todays ecological reformers would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?65. The passage is primarily concerned with which one of the following?问题1选项A.Mounting evidence of humanitys capacity to damage the environment should motivate action to prevent further damage.B.The ecological mystique identified with Frederic Clements has become a religious conviction among ecological reformers.C.The views of ecologists and industrial growth advocates concerning the environment have only recently become polarized.D.George P. Marshs ideas about conservation and stewardship have heavily influenced the present debate over the environment.问题2选项A.Express appreciation for how plants and animals attain maximum diversity and stability when left alone.B.Point out that the equilibrium model of ecology has recently been supported by empirical scientific research.C.Underscore the fervor with which twentieth-century reformers adhere to the equilibrium model.D.Indicate that the ideas of twentieth-century ecological reformers are often so theoretical as to be difficult to understand.问题3选项A.Introducing a species into an environment to which it is not native to help control the spread of another species that no longer has any natural predators.B.Setting areas of land aside to be maintained as wilderness f